Jaw osteosarcoma and pregnancy: a rare coexistence

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Obstetrics & Gynecology
• Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery

Background:

• Jaw osteosarcoma is a rare malignancy, accounting for less than 1% of head and neck cancers.
• Malignancies during pregnancy, though infrequent (1 in 1000 deliveries), present unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.
• Osteosarcoma of the jaw in pregnant women is exceptionally rare, with limited documented cases.

Purpose of the Study:

• To report a case of jaw osteosarcoma in a pregnant patient.
• To highlight the diagnostic and management complexities of cancer during gestation.
• To emphasize the importance of increased awareness among healthcare providers regarding this rare condition.

Main Methods:

• A case study of a 29-year-old pregnant woman (33rd week of gestation) presenting with a maxillary tumor.
• Histopathological examination revealing pleomorphic cells and osteoid/chondroid matrix, confirming osteosarcoma.
• Surgical excision of the diagnosed lesion.

Main Results:

• The patient presented with an expansive tumor of the maxillary alveolar bone.
• Histology confirmed the diagnosis of osteosarcoma.
• The lesion was surgically removed.

Conclusions:

• This case adds to the scarce literature on jaw osteosarcoma in pregnant women.
• Managing malignancies during pregnancy requires careful consideration of maternal and fetal well-being.
• Enhanced awareness can prevent diagnostic delays and improve maternal and neonatal outcomes.