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Isolated Nocturnal Hypertension in Children

Midori Awazu1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Metropolitan Ohtsuka Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.

Frontiers in Pediatrics
|March 7, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Isolated nocturnal hypertension (INH) in children is linked to organ damage and cardiovascular risks. New home devices aid diagnosis, making this condition more recognizable and manageable.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Nephrology
  • Cardiology
  • Hypertension Research

Background:

  • Isolated nocturnal hypertension (INH) is increasingly recognized for its association with target organ damage and cardiovascular events in adults.
  • INH is also observed in children, particularly those with chronic kidney disease, and linked to early signs of organ damage.
  • INH constitutes the majority of nocturnal hypertension and is a primary contributor to masked hypertension.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology, methodology, pathophysiology, target organ damage associations, and treatment of isolated nocturnal hypertension in children.
  • To integrate current findings in pediatric INH with existing adult data.
  • To highlight the significance of nocturnal blood pressure monitoring in pediatric populations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on isolated nocturnal hypertension in children and adults.
  • Discussion of diagnostic methods, including ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) and home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) for sleep BP.
  • Analysis of studies reporting on target organ damage markers and cardiovascular outcomes.

Main Results:

  • INH is prevalent in children with underlying conditions like chronic kidney disease.
  • Early markers of target organ damage are associated with INH in pediatric cohorts.
  • Advances in home blood pressure monitoring now allow for feasible sleep blood pressure assessment in children.

Conclusions:

  • Isolated nocturnal hypertension in children warrants attention due to its association with significant health risks.
  • Accurate diagnosis through ambulatory and home monitoring is crucial for timely intervention.
  • Further research into pathophysiology and treatment strategies for pediatric INH is essential.

Keywords:
childrenclinic blood pressureisolated nocturnal hypertensionmasked hypertensionmasked isolated nocturnal hypertensiontarget organ damage

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