Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

47.3K
Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
47.3K
Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

1.5K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
1.5K
Peripheral Artery Disease IV: Nursing Management01:26

Peripheral Artery Disease IV: Nursing Management

76
 The nursing management of a patient with peripheral artery disease (PAD) begins with a thorough assessment of the patient’s health history and clinical manifestations.AssessmentHealth History: Evaluate the patient’s history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, family history of cardiovascular issues, and lifestyle factors such as dietary patterns, smoking, and physical activity.Physical Examination:Assess the affected extremity for decreased or absent peripheral pulses,...
76
Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

Sexually Transmitted Infections

440
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
440
Parkinson's Disease: Treatment01:24

Parkinson's Disease: Treatment

421
Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), involve the gradual and irreversible destruction of neurons in particular brain areas. These disorders exhibit standard features like proteinopathies, selective vulnerability of some neurons, and an interaction of intrinsic properties, genetics, and environmental influences in neural injury.
Parkinson's Disease is primarily a result of the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The cornerstone of...
421
Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy01:15

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

427
The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
427

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

45S5 bioglass graft decreases surgical site infection after posterior transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion reconstruction compared to alternative graft materials.

Journal of spine surgery (Hong Kong)·2026
Same author

Steroidogenesis suppression in H295R cells by 1,3-disubstituted ureas: A potential off-target effect of some sEH inhibitors.

Toxicology letters·2026
Same author

Sex and Racial/Ethnic Differences and Trends in Cancer Patient Experience and Communication in the Last Year of Life Among Elderly U.S. Medicare Beneficiaries: A National Analysis of SEER-CAHPS Data, 2000-2019.

The American journal of hospice & palliative care·2026
Same author

Pain, sleep complaints, and depressive symptom clusters and their association with cognitive decline in older Mexican Americans.

BMC geriatrics·2026
Same author

Evaluating Cognition Across Aging and Traumatic Brain Injury: Integrating Neurological and Neuropsychological Approaches.

Journal of clinical medicine·2026
Same author

Illuminating ongoing pain in mice with novel bioluminescent imaging.

The journal of pain·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 1, 2025

Exergaming in Older People Living with HIV Improves Balance, Mobility and Ameliorates Some Aspects of Frailty
07:27

Exergaming in Older People Living with HIV Improves Balance, Mobility and Ameliorates Some Aspects of Frailty

Published on: October 6, 2016

10.4K

HIV-related Neuropathy: Pathophysiology, Treatment and Challenges.

Noushin Jazebi1, Chad Evans1, Hima S Kadaru1

  • 1Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555.

Journal of Neurology and Experimental Neuroscience
|March 7, 2022
PubMed
Summary

HIV-sensory neuropathy (HIV-SN) is a painful complication affecting HIV patients, with both the virus and its treatment contributing to nerve damage. Current treatments offer limited relief, necessitating further research into alternative therapies.

Keywords:
HIVneuropathypainpathophysiologytreatment

More Related Videos

Oral Combinational Antiretroviral Treatment in HIV-1 Infected Humanized Mice
06:07

Oral Combinational Antiretroviral Treatment in HIV-1 Infected Humanized Mice

Published on: October 6, 2022

2.6K
Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, Activity Prediction, and Molecular Dynamics of Non-nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
10:29

Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, Activity Prediction, and Molecular Dynamics of Non-nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

Published on: May 9, 2025

1.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 1, 2025

Exergaming in Older People Living with HIV Improves Balance, Mobility and Ameliorates Some Aspects of Frailty
07:27

Exergaming in Older People Living with HIV Improves Balance, Mobility and Ameliorates Some Aspects of Frailty

Published on: October 6, 2016

10.4K
Oral Combinational Antiretroviral Treatment in HIV-1 Infected Humanized Mice
06:07

Oral Combinational Antiretroviral Treatment in HIV-1 Infected Humanized Mice

Published on: October 6, 2022

2.6K
Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, Activity Prediction, and Molecular Dynamics of Non-nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
10:29

Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, Activity Prediction, and Molecular Dynamics of Non-nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

Published on: May 9, 2025

1.6K

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • HIV-sensory neuropathy (HIV-SN) is a common, debilitating complication in individuals with HIV/AIDS, irrespective of antiretroviral therapy (ART).
  • Symptoms include pain, paresthesias, and dysesthesias, often in a stocking-glove distribution, affecting both large and thin nerve fibers.
  • Pathogenesis involves HIV-1 proteins (e.g., gp120), ART, host mechanisms like neuron-glia interactions, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, ER stress, and co-infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the complex pathophysiology of HIV-SN.
  • To explore current and emerging treatment options for managing HIV-SN symptoms.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on HIV-SN pathophysiology and treatment.
  • Analysis of mechanisms including viral proteins, ART effects, host-pathogen interactions, and inflammatory pathways.
  • Evaluation of clinical evidence for existing and investigational therapies.

Main Results:

  • Both HIV-1 and ART can contribute to nerve damage in HIV-SN.
  • Pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, TNF) and abnormal lactate levels are implicated in HIV-SN.
  • Established treatments like capsaicin patches and spinal cord stimulation provide symptomatic relief but are often challenging.
  • Alternative therapies such as cannabinoids, acupuncture, and self-hypnosis show promise but require further investigation.

Conclusions:

  • HIV-SN is a multifactorial condition with complex pathophysiology.
  • Symptomatic management of HIV-SN remains challenging, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Further research into alternative and complementary therapies is crucial for improving patient outcomes.