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Microbial biosensors are analytical devices that utilize living microbes to detect specific substances through measurable signals. These devices consist of two main components: biosensing organisms and signal-transducing elements. Biosensing organisms, such as Escherichia coli or Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are typically housed in multiwell plates connected to transducers, enabling rapid, real-time detection of target analytes.Signal Generation MechanismWhen a target analyte—such as...

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Disposable biosensors based on metal nanoparticles.

S Malathi¹, I Pakrudheen², S Narayana Kalkura¹

¹Crystal Growth Centre, Anna University, Guindy, Chennai, 600025, India.

Sensors International

|March 7, 2022

Summary

Disposable biosensors utilizing metal nanoparticles offer rapid, low-cost detection of viruses like COVID-19. This review covers their application in enzymatic, non-enzymatic, immunosensors, and genosensors for point-of-care diagnostics.

Keywords:

COVID-19 Disposable biosensor Electrochemical sensor Enzymatic biosensor Immunosensor Metal nanoparticles

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Area of Science:

Nanotechnology
Biomedical Engineering
Analytical Chemistry

Background:

The COVID-19 pandemic underscored the need for rapid, affordable diagnostic tools.
Disposable biosensors offer a promising solution for point-of-care detection.
Metal nanoparticles enhance biosensor performance and sensitivity.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the applications of metal nanoparticle-based disposable biosensors.
To discuss their use in enzymatic, non-enzymatic, immunosensors, and genosensors.
To highlight their relevance for point-of-care diagnostics, including COVID-19 detection.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on metal nanoparticle-based biosensors.
Categorization of biosensors based on detection principles (enzymatic, non-enzymatic, immunosensors, genosensors).
Analysis of performance characteristics such as sensitivity, specificity, and response time.

Main Results:

Metal nanoparticles significantly improve the sensitivity and response time of disposable biosensors.
These biosensors are effective for detecting various analytes, including glucose, H2O2, and pathogens.
Specific applications in immunosensors and genosensors demonstrate potential for disease diagnostics.

Conclusions:

Disposable metal nanoparticle-based biosensors are crucial for rapid and cost-effective point-of-care diagnostics.
Their versatility makes them suitable for detecting a wide range of biomarkers.
Further development can enhance their role in managing infectious diseases like COVID-19.