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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
708
Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

541
Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Starve the tumor, fuel the immune fire: Short-term starvation enhances checkpoint blockade via macrophage reprogramming in HCC.

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Related Experiment Video

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Emerging immunotherapy for HCC: A guide for hepatologists.

Friedrich Foerster1, Simon Johannes Gairing1, Sumera Irie Ilyas2

  • 1Department of Medicine IUniversity Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg University MainzMainzGermany.

Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.)
|March 7, 2022
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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) immunotherapy shows promise, with immune checkpoint inhibitors as first-line therapy. Future research focuses on earlier stages, combination strategies, and treatments for non-responders.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Hepatology

Background:

  • Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer death globally, comprising 90% of primary liver cancers.
  • Systemic therapy is crucial for advanced HCC, with immunotherapy emerging as a significant advancement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current landscape of immunotherapies for HCC.
  • To discuss the rationale, mechanisms, and clinical evidence for various immunotherapeutic strategies.
  • To highlight ongoing research and unmet challenges in HCC immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of preclinical data and clinical trial evidence for immunotherapies in HCC.
  • Analysis of the tumor immune microenvironment in HCC and its impact on treatment response.
  • Examination of current and emerging immunotherapeutic approaches.

Main Results:

  • Immune checkpoint inhibition (atezolizumab and bevacizumab) is now first-line therapy for advanced HCC.
  • Other immunotherapies like oncolytic viroimmunotherapy and adoptive T-cell transfer are under investigation.
  • The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in HCC presents a challenge for immunotherapy efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • Immunotherapy has transformed HCC treatment, but challenges remain in earlier disease stages and combination therapies.
  • Identifying strategies for immunotherapy-resistant HCC is a critical unmet need.
  • Further research into novel immunotherapeutic combinations and targeting the tumor microenvironment is essential for improving patient outcomes.