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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 1, 2025

Morphological and Compositional Analysis of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Induced by Microbial and Chemical Stimuli

Morphological and Compositional Analysis of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Induced by Microbial and Chemical Stimuli

Published on: November 4, 2022

Extracellular trap can be trained as a memory response.

Yu Gao¹, Jian-Gang Zhang¹, Zhen-Zhen Liu¹

¹Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.

|March 7, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Extracellular traps (ETs) can form a memory response, enhancing pathogen killing after prior exposure. This "trained immunity" property of ETs impacts infection control and disease treatment.

Keywords:

Extracellular trap antimicrobial innate immune memory response trained immunity trained memory

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Cell Biology

Background:

Extracellular traps (ETs) play a dual role in immunity, aiding pathogen clearance but also contributing to diseases like atherosclerosis and cancer.
Understanding ET formation is crucial for developing treatments for infections and related disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if extracellular traps (ETs) can exhibit a memory response, similar to trained immunity.
To explore the mechanisms and implications of ET memory.

Main Methods:

Mice were primed with heat-killed Candida albicans (HK-C. albicans).
Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) were isolated and challenged with Clostridium perfringens.
The role of mTOR in ET memory was assessed.

Main Results:

Priming with HK-C. albicans enhanced ET formation and extracellular killing capacity upon secondary stimulation.
Mannan priming also boosted ET formation.
Evidence suggests ET memory is evolutionarily conserved and requires mTOR.

Conclusions:

Extracellular traps (ETs) can be trained to form a memory response.
This memory property of ETs is important for understanding recurrent infections and ET-associated diseases.