Tumors and Tumorlike Conditions of Which Every Orthopaedic Surgeon Should Be Aware

All orthopaedic surgeons during the course of their career will likely encounter both benign and malignant musculoskeletal neoplasms. Given the rarity of these entities and the stress conferred by diagnosing a tumor or tumorlike condition, many orthopaedic surgeons may benefit from a review of the contemporary treatment of such patients. Whether in the outpatient clinic or following a high-energy trauma, special attention should be given to concerning signs and symptoms that will aid in the workup of children and adults with a possible tumor. A thorough and logical workup in this manner will often lead to a definitive diagnosis such as metastatic bone disease or perhaps a benign lesion. In these instances, the informed general orthopaedic surgeon or subspecialist may choose to treat the patient independently. However, if the workup is inconclusive or if the diagnosis is even questionably malignant, referral to an orthopaedic oncologist should be sought as to avoid pitfalls in diagnosis and treatment.