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Updated: Oct 1, 2025
A Mouse Model of Orthopedic Surgery to Study Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction and Tissue Regeneration
Published on: February 27, 2018
Association of preoperative vitamin D deficiency with the risk of postoperative delirium and cognitive dysfunction: A
Kuo-Chuan Hung1, Li-Kai Wang1, Yao-Tsung Lin1
1Department of Anesthesiology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan City 71004, Taiwan; Department of Hospital and Health Care Administration, College of Recreation and Health Management, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan City 71710, Taiwan.
Study Objective:
Despite vitamin D deficiency (VDD) associated with cognitive dysfunction in the general population, the impacts of preoperative VDD on postoperative delirium (POD) and cognitive dysfunction (POCD) remain to be clarified.
Design:
Meta-analysis of cohort studies.
Setting:
Postoperative care.
Intervention:
Preoperative VDD as the prognostic factor.
Patients:
Adult patients undergoing surgery.
Measurements:
Databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Google scholar, and the Cochrane Library databases were searched from inception to September 2021. Random-effects modeling was applied to the pooling of results on the association between preoperative VDD and POD/POCD. The primary outcome was the association of VDD with the risk of POD/POCD, while the secondary outcomes included other prognostic factors (e.g., hypertension) with the risk of POD/POCD. A prediction interval (PI) was calculated to indicate the range of a true effect size of a future study in 95% of all populations.
Main Results:
Meta-analysis of seven observational studies involving 2673 patients showed that the pooled incidence of POD/POCD was 29% (95% confidence interval (CI): 18% to 44%). Our results demonstrated that preoperative VDD increased the risk of POD/POCD [odds ratio (OR) = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.21-1.97, p < 0.01; I2 = 29.2%, seven studies, 2673 patients; 95% PI: 0.89-2.67], while vitamin D insufficiency was not associated with a higher risk of POD/POCD (OR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.49-1.57, p = 0.66; I2 = 62.6%, four studies, 1410 patients; 95% PI: 0.09-8.79). The PI in our primary outcome (i.e., 0.89 to 2.67) containing 1.0 suggested the possibility of inconsistent results in future studies. Patients with POD/POCD were older compared to those without. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, male gender, or smoking was not recognized as risk factors for POD/POCD.
Conclusions:
Our results demonstrated that preoperative vitamin D deficiency was associated with postoperative cognitive impairment. Given the prediction interval, more future studies are needed to elucidate associations between VDD and POD/POCD.
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