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Production of Near-Infrared Sensitive, Core-Shell Vaccine Delivery Platform
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WHO-led consensus statement on vaccine delivery costing: process, methods, and findings.

Ann Levin1, Laura Boonstoppel2, Logan Brenzel3

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Standardizing vaccine delivery costing terminology and principles is crucial for consistent economic evaluations. This consensus statement aims to improve clarity for better decision-making in immunization programs.

Keywords:
Consensus statementCostingDelivery costGuidelineImmunizationVaccine

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Area of Science:

  • Health economics
  • Vaccine delivery research
  • Implementation science

Background:

  • Inconsistent definitions and methods hinder economic evaluation synthesis in immunization.
  • The World Health Organization (WHO) convened an expert working group to address standardization gaps.
  • The group aimed to create a consensus statement for harmonized terminology and principles in vaccine delivery costing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a consensus statement harmonizing terminology and principles for vaccine delivery costing.
  • To formulate recommendations for evidence-based decision-making in immunization programs.
  • To improve the comparability and synthesis of economic evaluation results.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted interviews, teleconferences, and meetings to identify relevant groups and guidance.
  • Reviewed existing documents on vaccine delivery costing, focusing on low- and middle-income countries.
  • Drafted consensus principles aligned with the Global Health Cost Consortium and consensus definitions.

Main Results:

  • Identified four major workstreams, nine guidance documents, and eleven costing tools in immunization costing.
  • Found variability in the definition of terms and principles across different workstreams.
  • Developed recommendations to harmonize terminology and principles through extensive consultation.

Conclusions:

  • Standardized principles and definitions facilitate the interpretation of economic evidence for decision-makers.
  • Methodological alignment in program costing supports evidence-based policies and resource allocation.
  • Study designs will continue to vary based on policy questions and country contexts, highlighting harmonization limitations.