Eating disorders in sport. Update and proposal for an integrated approach

Eating disorders are a group of conditions which have a huge impact on the health and performance of athletes. The aetiology of eating disorders is multifactorial, being influenced by genetic and environmental factors, but also involving psychological factors and factors specific to the practising of sport. Eating disorders are highly prevalent in sport, particularly in disciplines involving endurance, those that have weight-categories or those where low weight is a competitive advantage and aesthetics are important. Athletes with eating disorders need to be assessed and receive early, comprehensive treatment. Close monitoring of nutritional status is vital, especially with female athletes. Prevention is crucial and plays an invaluable role in this type of disorder, but represents a significant challenge for all professionals who look after athletes. Priority needs to be given to implementing structured nutrition training programmes for the athlete and their entourage to help prevent eating disorders.