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Related Concept Videos

The Pituitary Gland01:17

The Pituitary Gland

7.5K
The pituitary is a small endocrine organ in the sphenoid bone under the hypothalamus. Primarily, the pituitary in adults has two distinct anatomical and functional regions— the anterior and posterior lobes. During human fetal development, a third pituitary gland region called the pars intermedia atrophies and disappears. However, some of its cells migrate and exist adjacent to the anterior pituitary in adults.
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Updated: Oct 1, 2025

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
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Anatomic Considerations in Endoscopic Pituitary Surgery.

Christopher M Low1, Vera Vigo2, Maximiliano Nunez2

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 801 Welch Road, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA.

Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America
|March 8, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The pituitary gland, located at the skull base, regulates endocrine glands. Endoscopic surgery is a safe method for treating pituitary gland pathologies, requiring detailed anatomical knowledge.

Keywords:
AnatomyEndoscopic endonasalPituitarySellaSkull base

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Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Endocrinology
  • Surgical Anatomy

Background:

  • The pituitary gland is a critical endocrine regulator located at the skull base.
  • Pituitary pathologies include adenomas, hyperplasia, cysts, and malignancies.
  • The endoscopic approach is increasingly utilized for surgical management of sellar and parasellar lesions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To emphasize the importance of endoscopic anatomical understanding for pituitary surgery.
  • To review the spectrum of pituitary gland pathologies.
  • To highlight the safety and efficacy of the endoscopic surgical approach.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on endoscopic pituitary surgery.
  • Description of key anatomical landmarks of the sella and parasellar regions relevant to endoscopic approaches.
  • Discussion of the technical nuances of endoscopic pituitary surgery.

Main Results:

  • The endoscopic approach offers a safe and effective method for pituitary pathology management.
  • Comprehensive knowledge of endoscopic anatomy is crucial for surgical success and patient safety.
  • A wide range of pituitary pathologies can be addressed via the endoscopic corridor.

Conclusions:

  • Endoscopic surgery is a well-established and effective treatment modality for pituitary gland disorders.
  • Mastery of endoscopic surgical anatomy is paramount for neurosurgeons operating in the sellar and parasellar regions.
  • Continued advancements in endoscopic techniques enhance the management of pituitary pathologies.