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Clinical otorhinolaryngological presentation of COVID-19 patients in Saudi Arabia: A multicenter study
Laila M Telmesani1, Danah H Althomaly1, Lamia A Buohliqah1
1From the Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (L.M. Telmesani, Ashoor, L.S. Telmesani, AlEnazi); from the Department of Internal Medicine (Alwazzeh), College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Fahd Hospital of the University, from the Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery (Althomaly, AlHarbi), Ministry of Health, Al-Khobar, from the Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery (Buohliqah, Al Mubarak, AlMuslem, ALYosif, Al Eid), Qatif Center Hospital, Ministry of Health, AL Qatif, and from the Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery (Halawani, Arabi, Saleh), Ohud General Hospital, Ministry of Health, AL Medina Al Munawarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Objectives:
To assess the otorhinolaryngological (ORL) symptoms, including their prevalence, severity, and early presentations among coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) patients in the Saudi population.
Methods:
This was a multicentric, cross-sectional study carried out on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 positive patients at 3 COVID-19 centres; Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Fahd Hospital of the University, ALKhobar, Qatif Central Hospital, AlQatif, and Ohud Hospital, Al Madinah Al Munawarah, Saudi Arabia. The validated survey consisted of sociodemographic data, general symptoms of COVID-19, and ORL manifestations.
Results:
A total of 1734 COVID-19 positive patients were included in the study (mean age: 37.7±11.6 years). Most of the cases were mild (51.8%), followed by moderate (45.6%), and severe (2.6%) cases. Approximately 33.7% were asymptomatic. Severity of symptoms was significantly associated with male gender (p=0.017), higher age-group (p=0.04), and smoking (p<0.001). The most common initial ORL presentations were sore throat (20.9%), anosmia (15.5%), hyposmia (10%), and loss of taste (11.4%). Overall, 79.5% showed ORL symptoms as the initial presenting symptoms for COVID-19, with anosmia and sore throat being the most common symptoms.
Conclusion:
This study confirmed the prevalence of ORL symptoms among COVID-19 patients in Saudi Arabia. Moreover, these symptoms could also be considered for early detection of COVID-19 as they might appear prior to other symptoms.
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