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Observation of the non-linear Meissner effect.

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Researchers observed the non-linear Meissner effect in nodal superconductors like CeCoIn5 and LaFePO, confirming a key theoretical prediction. This finding helps distinguish between nodal and non-nodal superconducting states.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Superconductivity research
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Nodal unconventional superconductors are predicted to exhibit a non-linear Meissner effect at zero temperature, where magnetic penetration depth (λ) varies linearly with magnetic field.
  • This effect is a crucial indicator of the nodal state, alongside the linear-in-temperature dependence of λ, but has lacked convincing experimental verification.
  • Distinguishing between true gap nodes and deep gap minima in superconductors is essential for understanding their fundamental properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally confirm the existence of the non-linear Meissner effect in nodal superconductors.
  • To utilize the effect of magnetic fields on λ(T) as a method to differentiate between gap nodes and non-nodal deep gap minima.
  • To investigate the superconducting state of KFe2As2.

Main Methods:

  • Measurements of magnetic penetration depth (λ) in CeCoIn5 and LaFePO superconductors.
  • Application of varying dc magnetic fields to observe the temperature dependence of λ.
  • Comparative analysis of experimental results with theoretical predictions for nodal and non-nodal superconductors.

Main Results:

  • Clear experimental evidence of the non-linear Meissner effect was observed in CeCoIn5 and LaFePO.
  • A method was developed using the influence of a small dc magnetic field on λ(T) to distinguish gap nodes from deep gap minima.
  • Measurements on KFe2As2 suggest it possesses a non-nodal superconducting state.

Conclusions:

  • The non-linear Meissner effect is experimentally confirmed in nodal superconductors, validating theoretical predictions.
  • The developed method provides a reliable way to identify the presence or absence of gap nodes.
  • KFe2As2 is identified as a material with a non-nodal superconducting state, distinct from CeCoIn5 and LaFePO.