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Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Contrast-Induced Acute Renal Injury and Related Pathological Alterations In Vivo

Yanfei Li1, Dafa Shi1, Haoran Zhang1

  • 1Department of Radiology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102 Fujian, China.

Analytical Cellular Pathology (Amsterdam)
|March 8, 2022
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Magnetic resonance imaging detects early contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI). This study reveals immune responses, pyroptosis, and mitophagy are involved in CI-AKI development and progression.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Immunology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) mechanisms, including contrast medium (CM) nephrotoxicity and renal blood flow disturbances, are established.
  • The role of the immune system and distinct cell death pathways in CI-AKI remains underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can detect early CI-AKI.
  • To investigate the involvement of immunity-related responses, pyroptosis, and mitophagy in CI-AKI.

Main Methods:

  • CI-AKI was induced in C57BL/6 mice using iodixanol 320.
  • MRI (9.4 T scanner) and histological analysis (H&E staining) assessed CI-AKI.
  • Immunohistochemistry, NGAL, transmission electron microscopy, and western blot analyzed immune responses and cell death pathways (pyroptosis, mitophagy, apoptosis).

Main Results:

  • MRI (T2WI, DTI, BOLD) reliably detected CI-AKI, correlating with pathology.
  • Peak renal damage occurred 12-24 hours post-CM injection.
  • Immune cell infiltration (neutrophils, macrophages) and pyroptosis, mitophagy, and apoptosis were observed in CI-AKI kidneys.

Conclusions:

  • Functional MRI can detect early CI-AKI shortly after CM administration.
  • NLRP3 inflammasomes are implicated in CI-AKI pathogenesis.
  • Mitophagy may offer protective effects against kidney injury, highlighting the mitochondrion's central role in CI-AKI.

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