Otolaryngologic manifestations of pregnancy

A unique group of ear, nose, and throat disorders are associated with pregnancy. While most are benign and reverse after parturition, some do not. These disorders may be classified categorically by site into cutaneous, otologic, rhinologic, oral, pharyngeal, and laryngeal manifestations. The etiology and pathogenesis of these disorders are discussed, making every attempt to separate fact from conjecture. Therapeutic recommendations are made based on available information.