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Local allergic rhinitis in children: A systematic review.

Fausto Yoshio Matsumoto¹, Tessa Rachel Tranquillini Gonçalves², Dirceu Solé²

¹Department of Pediatrics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; faustoym@gmail.com.

Allergologia Et Immunopathologia

|March 8, 2022

Summary

Local allergic rhinitis (LAR) is an underdiagnosed condition in children. Prevalence varies widely globally, with Western countries reporting higher rates than Eastern countries, indicating a need for further research.

Keywords:

adolescent child phenotype prevalence rhinitis

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Published on: August 7, 2017

Area of Science:

Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
Otorhinolaryngology

Background:

Local allergic rhinitis (LAR) is a recognized phenotype in adults, but its prevalence and characteristics in children and adolescents are poorly understood.
LAR is likely an underdiagnosed and underestimated condition in the pediatric population.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review original observational studies on LAR in children and adolescents.
To describe the prevalence and clinical characteristics of LAR in the pediatric age group.

Main Methods:

Systematic literature search of PubMed and EMBASE databases (2000-2021).
Inclusion of studies on individuals under 18 with LAR confirmed by nasal allergen provocation test (NAPT).

Main Results:

Ten articles were identified, with significant variability in LAR prevalence (3.7% to 83.3%) among children with nonallergic rhinitis.
Prevalence rates were considerably lower in Eastern countries (3.7-16.6%) compared to Western countries (22.3-83.3%).
No distinct clinical characteristics have been identified to differentiate LAR from other childhood rhinitis phenotypes.

Conclusions:

Local allergic rhinitis is a relevant phenotype in children, with significant global variations in prevalence.
Discrepancies in prevalence may be attributed to regional differences and variations in NAPT protocols.
Longitudinal studies are required to elucidate clinical characteristics and confirm the persistence of LAR into adulthood.