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Leading trait dimensions in flood-tolerant plants.

Yingji Pan^1,2, Ellen Cieraad^1,3, Jean Armstrong^4,5

¹Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.

Annals of Botany

|March 8, 2022

Summary

Plant flooding adaptations involve specific traits independent of leaf economics or size. These distinct trait dimensions allow plants to coexist in diverse flooded environments, explaining species-specific ecosystem functions.

Keywords:

Adaptations to stressful environments flooding-induced traits key trait dimensions leaf economics traits plant strategies and functioning trait-based approaches

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Area of Science:

Plant Ecology
Trait-Based Ecology
Wetland Ecology

Background:

Trait-based approaches offer insights into general plant functioning but lack quantitative data on plant strategies in flooded conditions.
Plants in flooded habitats possess specific traits (e.g., root porosity, shoot elongation) to manage stressors like anoxic sediments and phytotoxins.
Flooded plants also adapt to nutrient and light limitations via leaf economics and size traits, but the interplay between these and flooding traits is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To quantitatively analyze the relationship between flooding-induced traits and other major trait dimensions (leaf economics, size).
To investigate how these trait components are expressed across wetness gradients, habitat types, and plant life forms.
To determine if flooding adaptations involve trade-offs with other plant traits.

Main Methods:

Compiled a trait dataset from 131 plant species across 141 studies in flooded habitats.
Quantitatively analyzed the positioning of flooding-induced traits relative to leaf economics and size traits.
Evaluated trait expression along wetness gradients, habitat types, and among plant life forms.

Main Results:

Flooding-induced traits form an independent dimension, separate from leaf economics and size traits, indicating no universal trade-offs.
Individual flooding-related traits are largely decoupled from each other.
Adaptation to flooding is stressor-specific and does not necessarily impose generic adverse effects on other plant functions.

Conclusions:

Independent trait dimensions facilitate plant adaptation and coexistence in diverse flooded environments.
Decoupled trait sets explain species and habitat-specific ecosystem functions, such as methane emissions.
Flooding-induced traits should be considered an independent dimension in trait-based wetland ecology.