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Related Concept Videos

B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

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The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
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Hybridoma technology is used for the large-scale production of monoclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies bind to only a single antigenic determinant or epitope. Such antibodies are used in research, diagnostics, and disease therapy. The hybridoma technology established in 1975 by Georges Köhler and Cesar Milstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1984 for revolutionizing research and therapy.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 1, 2025

Fabrication of Anisotropic Polymeric Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells for CD8+ T Cell Activation
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Multifunctional, Multivalent PIC Polymer Scaffolds for Targeting Antigen-Specific, Autoreactive B Cells.

Hendy Kristyanto1, Miles D Holborough-Kerkvliet1, Lianne Lelieveldt2

  • 1Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.

ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering
|March 8, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Polyisocyanopeptides (PICs) offer a novel scaffold for detecting and modulating B cells. These multivalent polymers show promise for clinical applications in B-cell-mediated diseases like rheumatoid arthritis.

Keywords:
CD22anti-citrullinated protein antibodiescyclic-citrullinated peptidepolyisocyanopeptidesrheumatoid arthritis

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Biotechnology
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Streptavidin-biotin tetramers are common for B-cell immunophenotyping but have limitations.
  • Tetramers' tetravalency and streptavidin immunogenicity hinder rare B-cell detection.
  • Current methods are suboptimal for clinical applications involving B-cell populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce polyisocyanopeptides (PICs) as advanced multivalent scaffolds.
  • To utilize PICs for detecting autoreactive B cells in rheumatoid arthritis patients.
  • To explore PICs' immunomodulatory potential for B-cell activation inhibition.

Main Methods:

  • Functionalizing PICs with approximately 50 peptide antigens.
  • Using PICs to detect autoreactive B cells in peripheral blood samples.
  • Modulating B-cell activation by functionalizing PICs with autoantigenic peptides and a CD22 ligand.

Main Results:

  • PICs successfully detected autoreactive B cells in rheumatoid arthritis patients.
  • Functionalized PICs inhibited autoreactive B-cell activation.
  • Reduced phospho-Syk expression confirmed interference with B-cell receptor signaling.

Conclusions:

  • PICs are versatile, modular scaffolds for B-cell research and therapy.
  • PICs overcome limitations of traditional tetramers for B-cell immunophenotyping.
  • PICs show significant potential for clinical applications in B-cell-mediated diseases.