Hydric status influences salinity-dependent water selection in frogs from coastal wetlands

The environment is heterogeneous across spatial and temporal scales, and the behavioural responses required to adjust individuals' needs to resource availability across such variable environments should be under selective pressure. Coastal wetlands are characterized by a diversity of habitats ranging from fresh- to salt water; and individuals occurring in such complex habitats need to adjust their habitat use based on their osmotic status. In this study, we experimentally tested whether an amphibian species (Pelophylax sp.) occurring in coastal wetlands was able to discriminate and select between different salinity concentrations (0, 4, 8 and 12 g.l^-1) and whether hydric status (hydrated versus dehydrated) influenced salinity-dependent water selection. We found that frogs selected water based on salinity differentially between hydrated and dehydrated individuals, with the later favoring lower salinities likely to improve their osmotic status. Interestingly, we highlighted the ability of frogs to select lower salinity before having access to water, suggesting that frogs can assess water salinity without actual contact. In coastal wetlands where salinity of water bodies can dynamically vary through space and time, such behavioural osmoregulation process is potentially a key factor affecting individual movements, habitat choice and thus species distribution. Our study further highlights the importance of salinity-dependent habitat heterogeneity and especially the presence of freshwater environments as structuring factors for the amphibian community.