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Tuberculosis in sickle cell disease patients.
A-L Houist1, C Lafont2, C Gomart3
1Department of Infectious Diseases, Henri-Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, Créteil, France.
Infectious Diseases Now
|March 8, 2022
Summary
Tuberculosis (TB) is rare in sickle cell disease (SCD) patients but carries risks. This study found TB in SCD patients is similar to others, though less infectious, suggesting specialized care aids early diagnosis.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Hematology
- Public Health
Background:
- Sickle cell disease (SCD) is linked to increased bacterial infection risk.
- Tuberculosis (TB) is infrequently reported in SCD patients.
- High TB prevalence in populations with frequent SCD in France necessitates understanding TB in this group.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate the clinical characteristics of TB disease in adult patients with SCD.
- To compare TB disease presentation and outcomes in SCD patients versus non-SCD patients.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective study over 10 years at Henri-Mondor hospital's adult SCD center.
- Included adults with SCD and positive Mycobacterium tuberculosis cultures.
- Matched SCD patients with TB disease to non-SCD patients (1:2 ratio) for comparison.
Main Results:
- Twelve SCD patients with TB disease (median age 29) were compared to 24 non-SCD patients (median age 33).
- Pulmonary TB was predominant in SCD patients (10/12).
- SCD patients showed fewer positive sputum smears and lung cavitations, indicating potentially lower infectiousness.
Conclusions:
- TB disease in SCD patients shares similarities with non-SCD patients.
- SCD patients with TB appear less infectious.
- Regular follow-up in specialized centers may facilitate earlier TB diagnosis in SCD patients.
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