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Related Concept Videos

Phosphoinositides and PIPs01:42

Phosphoinositides and PIPs

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Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
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Lipids as Anchors01:32

Lipids as Anchors

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In the plasma membrane, the lipids forming the bilayer can also act as an anchor to tether proteins to the membrane. The three main types of lipid anchors found in eukaryotes are – prenyl groups, fatty acyl groups, and glycosylphosphatidylinositol or GPI groups. Prenyl and fatty acyl groups act as anchors on the cytosolic surface of the membrane, whereas GPI anchors proteins on the extracellular side.
The carboxy-terminal of most of the prenylated proteins, such as Ras proteins, contains...
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IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway01:11

IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway

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Membrane lipids such as phosphatidylinositol (PI) are precursors for several membrane-bound and soluble second messengers. Specific kinases phosphorylate PI and produce phosphorylated inositol phospholipids. One such inositol phospholipids are the  phosphatidylinositol-4,5 bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], present in the inner half of the lipid bilayer. Upon ligand binding, GPCR stimulates Gq proteins to turn on phospholipase Cꞵ. Activated phospholipase Cꞵ cleaves PI(4,5)P2 and...
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Assembly of the Lipid Bilayer in the ER01:28

Assembly of the Lipid Bilayer in the ER

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Biological membranes are more than just a barrier separating cell cytoplasm from the outside environment. They are highly dynamic and help maintain the integrity and physiological stability of the cells as well as membrane-bound organelles. Membranes also play vital roles in cell-to-cell and intracellular communication.
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Structure of Porins01:21

Structure of Porins

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Mitochondria, chloroplasts, and gram-negative bacteria have transmembrane, beta-barrel proteins called porins to mediate the free diffusion of ions and metabolites across the membrane. Mitochondrial porin precursors contain conserved amino acid sequences called beta signals at their C-terminal. Beta signals have a  motif of PoXGXXHyXHy (Po-Polar, X-Any amino acid, G-Glycine, Hy-LargeHydrophobic), which are crucial for precursor recognition to initiate precursor assembly. Beta-barrel...
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GPI Anchoring of Proteins in the ER Membrane01:29

GPI Anchoring of Proteins in the ER Membrane

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GPI-anchoring is a post-translational, reversible protein modification that is ubiquitous in eukaryotes. Such proteins are primarily present on the exoplasmic leaflet of the plasma membrane.
GPI-anchor structure
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Updated: Oct 1, 2025

PIP-on-a-chip: A Label-free Study of Protein-phosphoinositide Interactions
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PIP-on-a-chip: A Label-free Study of Protein-phosphoinositide Interactions

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Perilipins at a glance.

Charles P Najt1, Mahima Devarajan1, Douglas G Mashek1,2

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.

Journal of Cell Science
|March 9, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lipid droplets (LDs) are vital organelles. Their surface proteins, perilipins (PLINs), significantly influence cell metabolism, signaling, and disease, offering key insights into LD biology.

Keywords:
Lipid dropletsLipid metabolismLipid signalingPerilipins

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Single-molecule Super-resolution Imaging of Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in the Plasma Membrane with Novel Fluorescent Probes
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Identification of Inositol Phosphate or Phosphoinositide Interacting Proteins by Affinity Chromatography Coupled to Western Blot or Mass Spectrometry
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Single-molecule Super-resolution Imaging of Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in the Plasma Membrane with Novel Fluorescent Probes
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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Lipid droplets (LDs) are essential cellular organelles involved in lipid storage and metabolism.
  • The proteome of LDs, particularly surface proteins, plays a critical role in regulating LD function.
  • Perilipins (PLINs) are a key family of proteins found on the surface of LDs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current knowledge on the mammalian perilipin (PLIN) protein family.
  • To elucidate the common and unique features of PLINs.
  • To explore the impact of PLINs on cellular metabolism, signaling, and disease.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on lipid droplet biology and perilipins.
  • Analysis of the known functions and characteristics of the mammalian PLIN family.
  • Synthesis of information regarding PLINs' roles in cell metabolism, signaling pathways, and disease pathogenesis.

Main Results:

  • PLINs are the most abundant and studied proteins on the LD surface.
  • PLINs exhibit diverse functions and characteristics, influencing various aspects of LD biology.
  • The proteome of LDs, including PLINs, is a major determinant of LD metabolism and function.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the PLIN family is crucial for comprehending LD biology.
  • PLINs are key regulators of cellular lipid metabolism and signaling.
  • Dysregulation of PLINs is linked to various human diseases, highlighting their therapeutic potential.