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Renal mitochondrial injury in the pathogenesis of CKD: mtDNA and mitomiRs

Maria V Irazabal1, Alejandro R Chade2, Alfonso Eirin1

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, U.S.A.

Clinical Science (London, England : 1979)
|March 9, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) involves renal mitochondrial damage. Urinary mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and microRNAs (miRNAs) show promise as non-invasive biomarkers for CKD progression.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Mitochondrial Biology
  • Biomarkers

Background:

  • Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects over 200 million people globally, posing a significant public health and economic challenge.
  • Mitochondria are crucial for renal tubular cell function, regulating energy production, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and apoptosis.
  • Mitochondrial damage is increasingly implicated in common CKD etiologies like diabetes, hypertension, and polycystic kidney disease (PKD).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evidence linking renal mitochondrial injury and dysfunction to prevalent forms of CKD.
  • To explore potential non-invasive biomarkers for monitoring renal mitochondrial health in CKD patients.
  • To summarize mechanisms of renal mitochondrial damage, focusing on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and microRNAs (miRNAs).

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of preclinical and clinical studies on renal mitochondrial dysfunction in CKD.
  • Analysis of evidence implicating specific CKD etiologies in mitochondrial damage.
  • Examination of emerging non-invasive biomarkers, including urinary mtDNA and mitomiRs.

Main Results:

  • Preclinical evidence strongly suggests renal mitochondrial damage contributes to CKD pathogenesis across various etiologies.
  • Urinary mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy numbers are emerging as potential non-invasive biomarkers of renal mitochondrial dysfunction.
  • Altered expression of mitochondria-related microRNAs (mitomiRs) is associated with CKD, indicating their role in disease mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • Renal mitochondrial dysfunction is a key factor in the progression of common CKD forms.
  • Urinary mtDNA and mitomiRs represent promising non-invasive biomarkers for assessing renal mitochondrial health in CKD.
  • Further research into these biomarkers could lead to improved CKD management and therapeutic strategies.
Keywords:
Chronic kidney diseaseMetabolic syndromeMitochondriaPKDmicroRNAmtDNA

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