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Ecdysone coordinates plastic growth with robust pattern in the developing wing.

André Nogueira Alves1,2, Marisa Mateus Oliveira1, Takashi Koyama1,3

  • 1Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal.

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|March 9, 2022
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The steroid hormone ecdysone coordinates fruit fly wing development. It ensures organ size plasticity and pattern robustness despite environmental changes, balancing growth and pattern formation.

Keywords:
D. melanogasterdevelopmental biologydevelopmental robustnessevolutionary biologygrowth ratespatterning ratesphenotypic plasticitywing disc

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Endocrinology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Organ development must balance adaptability (plasticity) with stability (robustness) in variable environments.
  • The coordination of plastic and robust developmental processes is poorly understood.
  • Steroid hormones like ecdysone play crucial roles in insect development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how the steroid hormone ecdysone coordinates organ size plasticity and organ pattern robustness during development.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which nutrition influences growth and patterning via ecdysone-dependent and -independent pathways.
  • To understand how ecdysone concentration affects growth and patterning responses.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized genetically modified Drosophila melanogaster larvae lacking prothoracic glands (ecdysone synthesis site).
  • Manipulated larval nutrition (fed vs. starved) to assess effects on development.
  • Analyzed wing disc growth and patterning in response to varying ecdysone levels and nutritional conditions.

Main Results:

  • Nutrition influences larval growth through both ecdysone-dependent and -independent pathways.
  • Nutrition regulates wing disc patterning exclusively through an ecdysone-dependent mechanism.
  • Wing disc growth exhibits a graded response to ecdysone concentration, while patterning shows a threshold response.

Conclusions:

  • Ecdysone acts as a key coordinator of both plastic organ growth and robust organ patterning in Drosophila wings.
  • Nutritionally regulated ecdysone fluctuations allow for adaptive growth (plasticity) at basal levels and stable patterning (robustness) at peak levels.
  • This hormonal mechanism may represent a generalizable strategy for coordinating development under environmental variability.