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[Adipocytokines: modern definition, classification and physiological role].

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Summary

Adipose tissue releases adipocytokines, impacting insulin resistance (IR) and metabolism. This review classifies these substances and explores their roles in metabolic disorders and inflammation.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Syndrome
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Adipose tissue functions as an endocrine organ, secreting bioactive adipocytokines.
  • Imbalances in adipocytokines are linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases.
  • Adipocytokines influence insulin resistance, glucose/lipid metabolism, angiogenesis, and inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define and classify adipocytokines based on their metabolic and inflammatory effects.
  • To review the impact of adipocytokines on key tissues and processes.
  • To categorize adipocytokines by their effect on insulin resistance (IR).

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current data on adipocytokines.
  • Analysis of adipocytokine effects on liver, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and endothelial cells.
  • Classification of specific adipocytokines (e.g., adiponectin, leptin, TNF-α) based on their role in IR.

Main Results:

  • Adipocytokines play a critical role in regulating metabolic homeostasis.
  • Excess adipose tissue leads to adipocytokine imbalance, contributing to disease.
  • Adipocytokines are categorized into those that reduce IR and those that increase IR.

Conclusions:

  • Adipocytokines are key mediators in metabolic and inflammatory conditions.
  • Understanding adipocytokine function is crucial for managing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.
  • Targeting specific adipocytokines may offer therapeutic strategies for metabolic disorders.