Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 1, 2025

Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effects of Self-distancing in Young Children
Published on: March 1, 2019
External childcare and socio-behavioral development in Switzerland: Long-term relations from childhood into young
Margit Averdijk1, Denis Ribeaud1, Manuel Eisner1,2
1Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Abstract:
This study examined early external childcare in relation to development from age 7 to 20. A Swiss sample was used (N = 1,225; 52% male). Development included multi-informant-reported externalizing behavior, internalizing problems, prosocial behavior, delinquency, and substance use. Growth curve models revealed that, dependent on the informant, time in a daycare center was related to increased externalizing and internalizing problems until at least age 11. It was not related to delinquency. Roughly three days per week at a daycare mother or playgroup was related to increased externalizing behavior. External family care was associated with increased prosocial behavior. Finally, time in a daycare center was associated with fewer externalizing but more internalizing problems and substance use for children from vulnerable backgrounds. This relation with substance use lasted to age 20.
Related Concept Videos
Relationship with Parents: Attachment
Socioemotional Development during Infancy
Primary Temperament Types
Piaget's Stage 1 of Cognitive Development
Exploration...
Relationship with Other Adult Family Members and Siblings
Erikson's Theory on Socioemotional Development during Childhood
The first four of Erikson's eight...
Adler's Individual Psychology

