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Updated: Oct 1, 2025

Large-scale Production of Recombinant RNAs on a Circular Scaffold Using a Viroid-derived System in Escherichia coli
Published on: November 30, 2018
Emerging value of the viroid model in molecular biology and beyond
Junfei Ma1, Shachinthaka D Dissanayaka Mudiyanselage1, Ying Wang1
1Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, MS 39762, USA.
Abstract:
Viroids are single-stranded circular noncoding RNAs that infect plants. Research in the past five decades has deciphered the viroid genome structures, viroid replication cycles, numerous host factors for viroid infection, viroid motifs for intracellular and intercellular trafficking, interactions with host defense machinery, etc. In this review, we mainly focus on some significant questions that remain to be tackled, centered around (1) how the RNA polymerase II machinery performs transcription on RNA templates of nuclear-replicating viroids, (2) how viroid RNAs coordinate multiple structural elements for diverse functions, and (3) how viroid RNAs activate plant immunity. Research on viroids has led to seminal discoveries in biology, and we expect the research directions outlined in this review to continue providing key knowledge inspiring other areas of biology.
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