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Related Concept Videos

Shearing Strain01:20

Shearing Strain

683
The shearing strain represents a cubic element's angular change when subjected to shearing stress. This type of stress can transform a cube into an oblique parallelepiped without influencing normal strains. The cubic element experiences a significant transformation when exposed solely to shearing stress. Its shape alters from a perfect cube into a rhomboid, clearly demonstrating the effect of shearing strain. The degree of this strain is considered positive if it reduces the angle between...
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Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity01:15

Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity

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Deformation occurs in axial and transverse directions when an axial load is applied to a slender bar. This deformation impacts the cubic element within the bar, transforming it into either a rectangular parallelepiped or a rhombus, contingent on its orientation. This transformation process induces shearing strain. Axial loading elicits both shearing and normal strains. Applying an axial load instigates equal normal and shearing stresses on elements oriented at a 45° angle to the load axis.
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Problem Solving on Stress and Strain01:22

Problem Solving on Stress and Strain

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Stress is a quantity that describes the magnitude of a force that causes deformation, generally defined as internal force per unit area. When forces pull on an object and cause its elongation, like the stretching of an elastic band, it is called tensile stress. When forces cause the compression of an object, it is known as compressive stress. When an object is being squeezed uniformly from all sides, like a submarine in the depths of the ocean, we call this kind of stress bulk stress (or volume...
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Transformation of Plane Stress01:18

Transformation of Plane Stress

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Studying stress transformation is essential in understanding how stress components within a material, like a cube under plane stress, change with rotation. This change is analyzed by considering a prismatic element within the cube. As the element rotates, the stress components acting on it—both normal and shearing stresses—change in magnitude and orientation. This change is quantified using trigonometric functions of the rotation angle, relating the forces acting on the rotated element's...
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Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Components of Stress01:23

Components of Stress

288
Stress analysis under multiple loading conditions is intricate, necessitating a comprehensive grasp of normal and shearing stresses. Consider a small cube at point O, subjected to stress on all six faces, visible or not. Normal stress components σx, σy, σz act perpendicularly to the x, y, and z axes. Shearing stress components τxy and τxz are exerted on faces perpendicular to these axes.
Interestingly, the hidden cube faces also experience these stresses, equal and...
288

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Visualization of Failure and the Associated Grain-Scale Mechanical Behavior of Granular Soils under Shear using Synchrotron X-Ray Micro-Tomography
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Structural evolution of granular cubes packing during shear-induced ordering.

Yunhao Ding1, Jing Yang1, Yao Ou1

  • 1Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, Institute of Materials, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China.

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal
|March 9, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Granular cubes self-assemble into ordered structures under rotating shear. This process involves rapid local ordering followed by densification driven by free-volume maximization, creating anisotropic packings.

Keywords:
granular packingmagnetic resonance imagingself-assembly

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Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Complex Systems

Background:

  • Granular materials exhibit complex behaviors under external forces.
  • Out-of-equilibrium self-assembly is a key phenomenon in granular systems.
  • Understanding particle packing is crucial for various applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the internal structure evolution of granular cubes under cyclic rotating shearing.
  • To quantify the ordering process and underlying mechanisms of granular self-assembly.
  • To investigate the interplay between mechanical stability and entropy maximization.

Main Methods:

  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) techniques were employed.
  • Analysis of order parameters, contact types, and clusters.
  • Quantification of free volume regions for particle movement.

Main Results:

  • Rapid formation of orientationally ordered local structures with faceted contacts.
  • Further densification driven by free-volume maximization leading to saturated order.
  • Anisotropic ordered structures with ordered vertical layers and liquid-like horizontal regions.

Conclusions:

  • The compaction process is characterized by distinct stages of ordering and densification.
  • Both mechanical stability and entropy maximization principles are relevant.
  • Reconciliation of these principles may involve considering supercooling effects across different degrees of freedom.