Calcification in pulmonary nodules: detection with dual-energy digital radiography

The authors undertook a clinical study to determine the accuracy of dual-energy digital radiography in revealing nodule calcification because calcification in a pulmonary nodule almost excludes the possibility of malignancy. Over a 6-month period, 61 patients with pulmonary nodules (less than or equal to 3 cm) or masses (greater than 3 cm) were examined on a prototype scanned projection unit using a dual-energy detector. In 49 of 61 patients, nodules were noncalcified, and in 12, they were calcified. In 57 patients, the benignancy or malignancy of nodules was established beyond reasonable doubt by pathologic confirmation in 38 and by strong inference in 19 (four patients with noncalcified solitary pulmonary nodules either refused further investigation or surgery or their follow-up was too short to permit exclusion of malignancy). Dual-energy radiography was found to be highly accurate in assessing the presence or absence of calcification in pulmonary nodules and thus in determining their benignancy or possible malignancy.