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Related Concept Videos

Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:19

Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

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The pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndrome [ACD] involves several key processes:The main underlying cause of ACD is atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the buildup of lipid-laden plaques within the coronary arteries.As the atherosclerotic plaque grows in the coronary artery, it may become unstable due to the formation of a lipid-rich core and a thin fibrous cap. Inflammatory cells within the plaque, such as macrophages, secrete enzymes that degrade the...
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Acute Coronary Syndrome IV: Interprofessional Care01:28

Acute Coronary Syndrome IV: Interprofessional Care

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IntroductionThe management of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) aims to minimize myocardial damage, preserve myocardial function, and prevent complications.Initial ManagementInpatient management involves continuous cardiac monitoring, preferably in an ICU, focusing on blood pressure, serum sodium, potassium, and creatinine levels, and urine output. Ongoing pharmacologic management is crucial for stabilizing the patient.Supplemental Oxygen: Administer supplemental oxygen if oxygen saturation is...
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Acute Coronary Syndrome V: Nursing Management01:26

Acute Coronary Syndrome V: Nursing Management

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Nursing Assessment:Nursing management of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) involves taking the patient's history, focusing on primary complaints such as chest pain, dyspnea, and excessive sweating (diaphoresis), as well as other symptoms like back or jaw pain, nausea, vomiting, palpitations, dizziness, and fatigue. The nurse also reviews the patient's history of cardiac events, risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, smoking, family history, and current medications.In the objective assessment,...
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Acute Coronary Syndrome I: Introduction01:30

Acute Coronary Syndrome I: Introduction

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Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) encompasses a spectrum of heart conditions caused by sudden obstruction of coronary arteries, typically resulting from the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque and subsequent thrombus (blood clot) formation. This obstruction can lead to partial or complete blockage of blood flow, causing varying degrees of myocardial ischemia or infarction.ACS includes the following clinical entities:Unstable Angina (UA)Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI)ST-Elevation...
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Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies01:30

Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies

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Diagnosing acute coronary syndrome or ACS begins with a thorough patient history. Notable symptoms include central, crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm, neck, jaw, or back, along with shortness of breath, sweating (diaphoresis), nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and palpitations.It is crucial to note any history of cardiac illnesses and assess risk factors, including age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and a sedentary lifestyle.During physical examination, vital...
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Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology01:29

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology

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The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:
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Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome.

David Montani1, Laurent Savale2, Nicolas Noel3

  • 1Université Paris-Saclay, AP-HP, Service de Pneumologie et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires, Hôpital de Bicêtre, DMU 5 Thorinno, Inserm UMR_S999, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France david.montani@aphp.fr.

European Respiratory Review : an Official Journal of the European Respiratory Society
|March 10, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome presents diverse long-term symptoms in patients, including outpatients. This review explores respiratory complications and organ injuries in long COVID management.

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pulmonology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to significant mortality and healthcare burdens.
  • While treatments and vaccines have improved acute outcomes, long-term complications, termed post-acute COVID-19 syndrome, are emerging.
  • Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome affects both hospitalized and outpatient populations, presenting a wide array of persistent symptoms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the presentation, prevalence, pathophysiology, and evolution of respiratory complications in post-acute COVID-19 syndrome.
  • To discuss other organ-related injuries associated with long COVID.
  • To highlight the need for a multidisciplinary approach in managing post-acute COVID-19 syndrome.

Main Methods:

  • This is a review article.
  • Literature search on post-acute COVID-19 syndrome, focusing on respiratory and organ-specific complications.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on the presentation, prevalence, pathophysiology, and clinical evolution of long COVID.

Main Results:

  • Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome encompasses a broad spectrum of symptoms affecting multiple organ systems.
  • Respiratory complications are a significant component, but non-respiratory organ injuries are also prevalent.
  • The syndrome impacts both severe and mild COVID-19 cases, including outpatients.

Conclusions:

  • Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome poses a substantial long-term challenge to healthcare systems.
  • Effective management necessitates a multidisciplinary team approach.
  • Further research into the pathophysiology and treatment of long COVID complications is crucial.