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Targeted generation of complex temporal pulse profiles.

Mariem Guesmi¹, Petra Veselá², Karel Žídek³

¹Regional Center for Special Optics and Optoelectronic Systems (TOPTEC), Institute of Plasma Physics, Czech Academy of Science V.V.I., Za Slovankou 1782/3, 182 00, Prague 8, Czech Republic. guesmi@ipp.cas.cz.

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This study investigates factors limiting femtosecond pulse shaping accuracy. Including spatial light modulator pixelation and crosstalk in simulations significantly improves pulse shape prediction for spectroscopy.

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Area of Science:

Ultrafast optics
Spectroscopy
Nonlinear optics

Background:

Precise control of femtosecond laser pulse waveforms is crucial for advanced spectroscopic techniques.
While complex waveform generation is established, experimental limitations on pulse shaping accuracy remain underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

To experimentally investigate and quantify the impact of various experimental factors on the accuracy of complex femtosecond pulse generation.
To compare the effectiveness of different pulse characterization techniques in retrieving complex pulse shapes.

Main Methods:

Utilized a spatial-light-modulator (SLM)-based 4f pulse shaper for complex waveform generation.
Employed frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG) and cross-correlation FROG (XFROG) for pulse characterization.
Analyzed the influence of SLM pixelation, crosstalk, laser focal spot size, and interference fringes on pulse shape fidelity.

Main Results:

Combined FROG and XFROG provided consistent pulse retrieval across different algorithms.
Incorporating SLM pixelation and crosstalk into simulations substantially enhanced agreement with experimental pulse shapes.
Simulations, even when comprehensive, showed residual intensity discrepancies of 10-20% in individual peaks compared to retrieved pulses.

Conclusions:

The combination of FROG and XFROG is a robust method for characterizing complex femtosecond pulses.
SLM imperfections are significant factors affecting pulse shaping accuracy, and their inclusion in simulations is vital.
Further investigation is needed to address remaining discrepancies between simulated and experimentally retrieved pulse intensities.