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Diabetes, insulin and exercise.

E A Richter, H Galbo

    Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)
    |July 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Exercise impacts diabetes management differently for type I and type II patients. While physical training is not recommended for type I diabetes, it may help prevent type II diabetes and reduce cardiovascular risk factors.

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    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Metabolic Adaptations
    • Exercise Physiology

    Background:

    • Exercise induces complex metabolic and hormonal changes affecting glucose regulation.
    • Managing insulin-dependent (type I) diabetes requires consistent insulin dosing, which exercise disrupts.
    • Non-insulin-dependent (type II) diabetes presents fewer risks with exercise, potentially aiding prevention.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review metabolic and hormonal adaptations to exercise in normal individuals and diabetic patients.
    • To evaluate the impact of exercise and training on metabolic control in type I and type II diabetes.
    • To assess the risks and benefits of physical activity for individuals with diabetes.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing literature on exercise physiology and diabetes.

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  • Analysis of hormonal responses (e.g., counter-regulatory hormones) during exercise.
  • Examination of glucose regulation and insulin demand in diabetic individuals during physical activity.

    • Main Results:

    • Exercise can decrease plasma glucose but hormonal responses may increase it, complicating type I diabetes management.
    • High pre-exercise insulin can cause hypoglycemia; low levels can lead to hyperglycemia and ketosis in type I diabetes.
    • Physical training may prevent type II diabetes in predisposed individuals if caloric intake doesn't increase, and may reduce arteriosclerosis risk factors.

    Conclusions:

    • Physical training is generally not recommended for improving metabolic control in type I diabetes due to unpredictable responses.
    • Informed type I diabetic patients can exercise with careful monitoring, insulin adjustment, and carbohydrate intake.
    • Exercise may prevent type II diabetes and reduce cardiovascular risks, but benefits may be less pronounced in poorly controlled diabetics.