Cross-sectional assessment of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with knee osteoarthritis
Sagar Goel1, Surendra Umesh Kamath1, Rajendra Annappa1
1Department of Orthopedics, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy Of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
Insights
This study found a strong link between knee osteoarthritis severity and cardiovascular disease risk factors in Indian patients. Higher osteoarthritis grades correlated with increased cardiovascular risk, highlighting the need for integrated management.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Rheumatology
- Public Health
Background:
- Osteoarthritis (OA) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are common health issues in India.
- Limited research exists on the association between knee OA and CVD risk factors among the Indian population.
- This study addresses the gap by investigating cardiovascular risk in knee OA patients.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess cardiovascular (CV) risk factors in Indian patients diagnosed with knee OA.
- To investigate the association between knee OA severity and CV risk.
- To evaluate the potential for screening and management of CV risks in this patient group.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study involving 225 patients diagnosed with knee OA using Kellgren and Lawrence (K-L) classification.
- Assessment of CV risk factors including age, BMI, blood pressure, diabetes, cholesterol, HDL, and smoking.
- Utilized the Joint British Society QRisk3 calculator (JBS3) for risk scoring, estimating 10-year CVD risk, heart age, and life expectancy.
- Statistical analyses included Chi Square, Fisher's exact test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and multiple regression.
Main Results:
- Patients with severe knee OA (Grade 4) exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of CV risk factors (p<0.05).
- Grade 4 OA patients showed a mean JBS3 risk of 38%, heart age of 82, and life expectancy of 77 years.
- In contrast, Grade 2 OA patients had a mean JBS3 risk of 11%, heart age of 63, and life expectancy of 82 years.
Conclusions:
- A significant positive correlation exists between the severity of knee OA and cardiovascular disease risk.
- Cardiovascular risk scores are directly proportional to the severity of knee osteoarthritis.
- Findings underscore the importance of considering and managing cardiovascular health in patients with knee OA.
Abstract:
Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are prevalent in India. However, there is dearth of literature among Indians studying the relationship between the two. This study was carried out to assess various cardiovascular (CV) risk factors in patients with knee OA with an objective to investigate their association, screening and management. Methods: In total, 225 patients were included in this cross-sectional study. Participants were diagnosed with knee OA on the basis of the Kellgren and Lawrence (K-L) classification of their radiograph. Participants were also assessed for CV risk factors (age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, smoking) with the help of the Joint British Society QRisk3 calculator (JBS3) a comprehensive risk score calculator as well as a screening tool, which produces three more variables, namely 10-years risk of developing CVD, physiological heart age and life expectancy. Chi Square, Fishers exact test and one-way ANOVA tests were used to compare the categorical and quantitative variables, respectively. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to assess the relationship between CV risk factors and knee OA. Multiple regression analysis was done to adjust the multiple con-founders and determine their significance. Results: Patients with severe knee OA had a statistically significantly higher prevalence of CV risk factors (p<0.05). Grade 4 knee OA patients were found to have a mean JBS3 risk of 38%, heart age of 82 years and life expectancy of 77 years as compared to grade 2 patients who had a mean JBS3 risk of 11%, heart age of 63 years and life expectancy of 82 years. Conclusions: Our study concluded that there is a strong positive correlation between knee OA and CVD, with CV risk score being directly proportional to the severity of OA.
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