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Related Concept Videos

Extracellular Matrix01:26

Extracellular Matrix

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Unlike epithelial tissue, which is composed of cells closely packed with little or no extracellular space in between, connective tissue cells are dispersed in a matrix. This extracellular matrix (ECM) is composed of fibrous proteins like collagen, elastin, and fibronectin in a ground substance consisting of interstitial fluid, cell adhesion proteins, and proteoglycans. The proteoglycans form a gel-like material in the spaces between cells and provide hydration, buffering, binding, and force...
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The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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The Extracellular Matrix01:29

The Extracellular Matrix

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Overview
In order to maintain tissue organization, many animal cells are surrounded by structural molecules that make up the extracellular matrix (ECM). Together, the molecules in the ECM maintain the structural integrity of tissue as well as the remarkable specific properties of certain tissues.
Composition of the Extracellular Matrix
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Atherosclerosis I: Introduction01:30

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Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder characterized by the buildup of plaques on the arterial inner wall, causing them to narrow and harden over time. These plaques comprise lipids, calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue. The process primarily affects the intima of large and medium-sized arteries, reducing blood flow in any artery.Etiology and risk factorsThe cause of atherosclerosis is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay among endothelial injury, lipid...
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Cell-matrix's Response to Mechanical Forces01:13

Cell-matrix's Response to Mechanical Forces

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In animal cells, the extracellular matrix allows cells within tissues to withstand external stresses and transmits signals from the outside of the cell to the inside. The extracellular matrix is extensive, and its composition varies between different types of tissues. For example, the reticular fibers and ground substance make up the ECM in loose connective tissue, while collagen and bone minerals make up the ECM of bone tissue. 
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Bone Disorders01:29

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
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Updated: Sep 30, 2025

Measuring the Stiffness of Ex Vivo Mouse Aortas Using Atomic Force Microscopy
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Extracellular Matrix in Aging Aorta.

Akiko Mammoto1,2, Kienna Matus1, Tadanori Mammoto1,3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Milwaukee, WI, United States.

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
|March 10, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Arterial aging, particularly in the aorta, involves extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, leading to stiffening and dysfunction. Understanding these ECM changes is key to developing strategies against age-related cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).

Keywords:
agingaortacollagenelastinextracellular matrixstiffness

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Aging Research
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • The global aging population experiences increased cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).
  • Arterial aging, specifically in the aorta, contributes to age-associated pathologies.
  • The aorta's structural and functional integrity is vital for stable circulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review age-associated alterations in the aortic wall's extracellular matrix (ECM).
  • To explore the mechanisms underlying aortic aging.
  • To identify potential strategies for treating aortic pathologies and CVDs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on aortic aging and ECM.
  • Analysis of structural and functional changes in the aged aortic wall.
  • Discussion of ECM component remodeling, including elastic fibers and collagens.

Main Results:

  • Age-associated changes in the aorta include dilation, tortuosity, stiffening, and loss of elasticity.
  • Remodeling of ECM components, such as elastic fiber fragmentation and collagen crosslinking, is a hallmark of aortic aging.
  • These ECM alterations lead to functional stiffening of the aorta and compromised circulation.

Conclusions:

  • Maintaining ECM homeostasis in the aorta is critical for healthy aging.
  • Understanding ECM remodeling mechanisms in aortic aging can inform therapeutic strategies.
  • Targeting ECM alterations may offer new avenues for managing age-related aortic pathologies and CVDs.