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Infant Sex-Specific Associations between Prenatal Food Insecurity and Low Birthweight: A Multistate Analysis.

Dane A De Silva1, Marie E Thoma2, Elaine A Anderson2

  • 1Division of Population Health Data, Office of Family Health Services, Virginia Department of Health, Richmond, VA, USA.

The Journal of Nutrition
|March 10, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Prenatal food insecurity is linked to low birthweight, with a greater impact on female infants. Further research is needed to understand these sex-specific differences in birth outcomes.

Keywords:
birth outcomesfood insecurityinfant healthlow birthweightmaternal healthpregnancyprenatal food insecurity

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Area of Science:

  • Maternal and Child Health
  • Nutritional Epidemiology
  • Life Course Studies

Background:

  • Low birthweight (LBW) increases neonatal mortality and adverse outcomes.
  • Maternal sociodemographic factors do not fully explain LBW risks.
  • Prenatal exposures, like food insecurity, are critical from a life course perspective.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between prenatal food insecurity and low birthweight.
  • To determine if this association exhibits sex-specific patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) data (2009-2017) from 11 states.
  • Defined food insecurity via a single PRAMS question and LBW as <2500g.
  • Employed multivariable logistic regression, stratified by infant sex and adjusted for covariates.

Main Results:

  • 9.1% of 50,915 women reported food insecurity.
  • Unadjusted: Food insecurity increased LBW odds (OR 1.38).
  • Adjusted: Association diminished for males, persisted for females (aOR 1.13).

Conclusions:

  • Prenatal food insecurity shows a sex-specific association with low birthweight.
  • Female infants appear more vulnerable to LBW from prenatal food insecurity.
  • Future research should use precise food insecurity measures and explore sex differences.