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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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Polymer Acceptors for High-Performance All-Polymer Solar Cells.

Suxiang Ma1, Hao Zhang2, Kui Feng1,3

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|March 10, 2022
PubMed
Summary

All-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) offer superior flexibility and stability. Recent advances in polymer acceptors, using novel building blocks, significantly boost photovoltaic performance in these devices.

Keywords:
all-polymer solar cellselectron-deficient building blocksnarrow bandgappolymer acceptorspower conversion efficiency

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Organic Electronics
  • Photovoltaics

Background:

  • All-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) are gaining attention due to their mechanical flexibility and enhanced stability compared to other organic solar cells (OSCs).
  • Recent advancements in polymer acceptor development have led to significant improvements in all-PSC performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent progress in polymer acceptors for all-PSCs.
  • To highlight key electron-deficient building blocks and their structure-property relationships.
  • To provide insights into future development of efficient all-PSCs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature on polymer acceptors in all-PSCs.
  • Analysis of structure-property correlations for various electron-deficient building blocks.
  • Discussion of single-component all-PSCs.

Main Results:

  • Summary of polymer acceptors based on bithiophene imide (BTI) derivatives, boron-nitrogen coordination bond (B←N)-incorporated (hetero)arenes, cyano-functionalized (hetero)arenes, and fused-ring electron acceptors (FREAs).
  • Detailed elaboration of structure-property correlations.
  • Brief discussion on single-component all-PSCs.

Conclusions:

  • The development of advanced polymer acceptors is crucial for efficient all-PSCs.
  • Further research into novel electron-deficient building blocks is needed.
  • Optimized polymers derived from these blocks will enhance all-PSC performance.