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Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Visualization in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer
03:55

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Published on: June 9, 2023

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Advanced RAI-refractory thyroid cancer: an update on treatment perspectives

Olga Karapanou1, George Simeakis1,2, Barbara Vlassopoulou3

  • 1Endocrine Department, 401 General Military Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece.

Endocrine-Related Cancer
|March 10, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Targeted therapies have advanced follicular cell-derived thyroid cancer treatment, but drug resistance hinders progress. Understanding molecular pathways and resistance mechanisms is crucial for developing more effective therapies for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC).

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Follicular cell-derived thyroid cancer (DTC) treatment has evolved with targeted therapies, primarily tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
  • Approved drugs include lenvatinib, sorafenib, and cabozantinib for DTC, and larotrectinib and entrectinib for NTRK-fusion thyroid cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the molecular landscape of DTC.
  • To discuss approved targeted therapies and their mechanisms.
  • To explore drug resistance mechanisms and future therapeutic perspectives.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of molecular biology, targeted therapies, and drug resistance in DTC.
  • Analysis of approved targeted therapies and ongoing research for radioiodine-refractory DTC.
  • Focus on molecular signatures guiding treatment strategies.

Main Results:

  • Targeted therapies have improved DTC prognosis but drug resistance remains a significant challenge.
  • Research is exploring redifferentiation protocols and combination treatments to overcome resistance.
  • Understanding molecular pathways and escape mechanisms is key to developing new drugs.

Conclusions:

  • Targeted therapies represent a paradigm shift in DTC management.
  • Drug resistance necessitates further research into molecular mechanisms and novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Future development hinges on a deeper understanding of DTC tumorigenesis and resistance for more effective treatments.
Keywords:
follicular-cell derived thyroid cancerrefractorytargeted therapies

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