Biodegradation of Endosulfan-a Chlorinated Cyclodiene Pesticide by Indigenous Pseudomonas sp. MSCAS BT01

Endosulfan remains as a lipophilic insecticide that causes serious medical problems because of biological stability and toxicity also found in air, water, soil sediments, and foodstuffs. Henceforward, the present study reveals a novel bacterial species isolated from pesticide-contaminated soil for enhanced endosulfan degradation. Next, isolated bacterial species was characterized with biochemical assays and 16S rRNA sequencing technique. Subsequently, the optimal conditions for endosulfan biodegradation such as pH, concentration of endosulfan, and bacterial growth were estimated with non-sulfur medium (NSM). Sequentially, the amount of endosulfan and compound degradation were analyzed through thin-layer chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Overall, the obtained results revealed the endosulfan acting as primary carbon source for bacterial growth. From the GC-MS analysis, the metabolic products released during endosulfan degradation by Pseudomonas sp. MSCAS BT01 were compared with standard GC-MS spectra. The highest (98%) endosulfan degradation was obtained at pH 7.0. The complete endosulfan degradation was achieved at 14th day of incubation and the less toxic endosulfan diol produced was observed via GC-MS. To conclude, the pesticide-contaminated isolate Pseudomonas sp. MSCAS BT01 emerged as a promising bioremediation tool and effectively employed to degrade endosulfan from contaminated soils, sediments, and wastewaters in the days yet to come.