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Vitamin Supplementation and Dementia: A Systematic Review
Victoria Gil Martínez1, Ana Avedillo Salas2, Sonia Santander Ballestín2
1Department of Geriatric Care, Bonifatius Hospital Lingen, 49808 Lingen, Germany.
Nutrients
|March 10, 2022
Summary
Vitamin supplements, particularly B Complex vitamins like folic acid, may help prevent cognitive decline. Evidence for vitamin D, E, and C is less conclusive for dementia prevention.
Area of Science:
- Nutrition Science
- Neurology
- Gerontology
Background:
- Dementia is a progressive cognitive impairment impacting daily function.
- Diet plays a role in cognitive health.
- Nutritional deficiencies can exacerbate cognitive decline.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review vitamin supplementation's efficacy for nutritional deficiencies.
- To assess vitamin supplements' role in preventing dementia and mild cognitive impairment.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of studies published between 2011 and November 2021.
- Searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases.
- Adhered to PRISMA statement guidelines.
Main Results:
- Folic acid supplementation improved cognitive test outcomes.
- Thiamine, alone or with folic acid, positively impacted cognitive performance.
- Vitamin D, E, and C supplementation showed mixed or inconclusive results for cognitive function.
Conclusions:
- B Complex vitamins, especially folic acid, may delay cognitive decline.
- Ascorbic acid and high-dose vitamin E show potential but lack sufficient evidence.
- Vitamin D's cognitive benefits remain inconclusive.
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