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Related Experiment Video

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Bioacoustic Detection of Wolves: Identifying Subspecies and Individuals by Howls.

Hanne Lyngholm Larsen¹, Cino Pertoldi¹, Niels Madsen¹

¹Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark.

Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI

|March 10, 2022

Summary

Acoustic monitoring of wolf howls can identify individual wolves and some subspecies. This method offers a cost-effective way to detect wolves over long distances, complementing camera traps.

Keywords:

Canis lupus acoustic variables bioacoustics discriminant analysis fundamental frequency habitats directive monitoring

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Area of Science:

Wildlife biology
Bioacoustics
Conservation science

Background:

Traditional wolf monitoring relies on visual observations, camera traps, and DNA analysis.
These methods have limitations in detection range and cost-effectiveness.
Acoustic monitoring using wolf howls presents a potential alternative for long-distance detection.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the effectiveness of acoustic monitoring for wolf (Canis lupus) detection.
To assess the potential for recognizing individual wolves and subspecies from their howls.
To determine the feasibility of using acoustic monitoring in field conditions, particularly for Eurasian wolves.

Main Methods:

Analysis of 170 wolf howls from 16 individuals across three subspecies: Arctic (Canis lupus arctos), Eurasian (C. l. lupus), and Northwestern wolves (C. l. occidentalis).
Extraction of fundamental frequency (f0) variables from howl recordings.
Application of discriminant analysis, classification matrix, and pairwise post-hoc Hotelling tests for subspecies and individual recognition.

Main Results:

Subspecies-identifiable calls were found for Arctic and Eurasian wolves, but not for Northwestern wolves (limited sample size).
Individual wolf identification was successful across all subspecies with 80%-100% accuracy using discriminant function analysis.
Acoustic monitoring shows potential for long-distance wolf detection.

Conclusions:

Acoustic monitoring of wolf howls is a promising tool for wildlife research and conservation.
This method can effectively complement existing techniques like camera trapping.
It offers a valuable, cost-effective approach to enhance long-distance wolf detection and monitoring efforts.