Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Socioemotional Development during Infancy

Socioemotional Development during Infancy

Socio-emotional development in infancy is primarily shaped by early emotional responses and social connections, with temperament playing a central role. Temperament refers to the consistent patterns in an individual's emotional and behavioral responses, observable even in infancy. By examining temperament, researchers can better understand an infant's unique ways of interacting with the world, influencing subsequent personality and socio-emotional growth.
Primary Temperament Types

Self-Report Tests of Personality

Self-Report Tests of Personality

Self-report inventories are objective personality assessments that use multiple-choice items or numbered scales, typically ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). They are often called Likert scales after Rensis Likert. These inventories are widely used due to their ease of administration and cost-effectiveness. One of the most prominent examples is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), initially developed in the 1940s to assess abnormal personality traits.

Personality Theory by Eysenck and Eysenck

Personality Theory by Eysenck and Eysenck

Hans and Sybil Eysenck developed a widely recognized theory of personality, which emphasizes the role of temperament and genetically based differences in shaping individual traits. Their theory posits that biological factors primarily determine personality and can be understood through two main dimensions: extroversion/introversion and neuroticism/stability.
In the extroversion/introversion dimension, highly extroverted people are sociable, outgoing, and easily connect with others. In contrast,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Classical cuts: a pilot study of classical music's effects on dogs in grooming settings.

Animal cognition·2025

Same author

The Impact of Environmental Enrichment on the Cortisol Level of Shelter Cats.

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI·2024

Same author

The Effect of a Diet Supplemented with Organic Minerals and l-Carnitine on Egg Production and Chemical Composition and on Some Blood Traits of Pheasant Hens (<i>Phasianus colchicus</i>).

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI·2023

Same author

Hair cortisol levels in cats with and without behavioural problems.

Journal of feline medicine and surgery·2023

Same author

Hematological and Serum Biochemical Values of Free-Ranging Roe Deer (<i>Capreolus capreolus</i>) in Poland.

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI·2023

Same author

Analysis of the Territorial Vocalization of the Pheasants <i>Phasianus colchicus</i>.

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI·2022

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 30, 2025

The Use of Traditional Fear Tests to Evaluate Different Emotional Circuits in Cattle

The Use of Traditional Fear Tests to Evaluate Different Emotional Circuits in Cattle

Published on: April 22, 2020

Temperament Assessment Algorithm in Dogs.

Mirosław Karpiński¹, Justyna Wojtaś¹, Aleksandra Garbiec¹

¹Department of Animal Ethology and Wildlife Management, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-920 Lublin, Poland.

Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI

|March 10, 2022

Summary

This study classified dog temperaments into introvert and extrovert groups based on behavioral observations. A significant majority of dogs exhibited extrovert traits, with a predictive model developed for temperament assessment.

Keywords:

dog extrovert introvert personality temperament

More Related Videos

The Other End of the Leash: An Experimental Test to Analyze How Owners Interact with Their Pet Dogs

The Other End of the Leash: An Experimental Test to Analyze How Owners Interact with Their Pet Dogs

Published on: October 13, 2017

Assessment of Sensory Thresholds in Dogs Using Mechanical and Hot Thermal Quantitative Sensory Testing

Assessment of Sensory Thresholds in Dogs Using Mechanical and Hot Thermal Quantitative Sensory Testing

Published on: October 26, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 30, 2025

The Use of Traditional Fear Tests to Evaluate Different Emotional Circuits in Cattle

The Use of Traditional Fear Tests to Evaluate Different Emotional Circuits in Cattle

Published on: April 22, 2020

The Other End of the Leash: An Experimental Test to Analyze How Owners Interact with Their Pet Dogs

The Other End of the Leash: An Experimental Test to Analyze How Owners Interact with Their Pet Dogs

Published on: October 13, 2017

Assessment of Sensory Thresholds in Dogs Using Mechanical and Hot Thermal Quantitative Sensory Testing

Assessment of Sensory Thresholds in Dogs Using Mechanical and Hot Thermal Quantitative Sensory Testing

Published on: October 26, 2021

Area of Science:

Animal Behavior
Veterinary Science
Canine Psychology

Background:

Understanding dog temperament is crucial for training, socialization, and welfare.
Previous assessments often relied on subjective owner reports.
Objective behavioral observation provides a more reliable method for temperament evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

To objectively evaluate canine temperament using behavioral observations.
To classify dogs into introvert and extrovert personality groups.
To develop a predictive model for canine temperament assessment.

Main Methods:

Behavioral observations focusing on 24 specific traits and behaviors.
Application of the agglomeration method, Pearson's 1-r distance, and Ward's binding method for classification.
Logistic regression analysis to build a temperament assessment model.

Main Results:

Out of 46 dogs, 18 (39%) were classified as introverts and 28 (61%) as extroverts.
Behavioral observations successfully differentiated between introvert and extrovert canine personalities.
A logistic regression model was constructed using introvert traits (ITs) and extrovert traits (ETs).

Conclusions:

Canine temperament can be reliably assessed through objective behavioral observation.
The majority of the studied dog population displayed extrovert traits.
The developed model provides a quantitative approach to classifying dog personalities.