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Atypical Centriolar Composition Correlates with Internal Fertilization in Fish.

Katerina Turner1, Nisha Solanki1, Hassan O Salouha1

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43607, USA.

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Internal fertilization drives the evolution of atypical sperm centrioles, supporting sperm competition theory. This study found that internally fertilizing fish independently evolved these unique sperm structures multiple times.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Reproductive Biology

Background:

  • Sperm competition theory posits that sperm evolve in response to fertilization strategies.
  • Centrioles, crucial for cell structure and division, typically exist in a canonical 9-fold microtubule arrangement.
  • While most animal sperm have two canonical centrioles, mammals and insects possess only one, with a second atypical centriole recently identified.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the hypothesis that the evolution of atypical sperm centrioles is linked to internal fertilization.
  • To investigate the prevalence of atypical centrioles in fish with different fertilization modes.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a literature search on 277 fish species to analyze spermatozoan ultrastructure and fertilization methods.
  • Compared the incidence of atypical centriolar composition in internal versus external fertilizers.

Main Results:

  • Species with atypical centriolar composition were significantly enriched in internal fertilizers (20.6%) compared to external fertilizers (0.80%).
  • This enrichment was statistically significant (p < 0.00001, odds ratio = 32.4) and observed across phylogenetically diverse fish.
  • Atypical centrioles were specifically noted in the internal fertilizers of the subfamily Poeciliinae.

Conclusions:

  • Internally fertilizing fish have preferentially and independently evolved spermatozoa with atypical centriolar composition multiple times.
  • These findings support Geoff Parker's sperm competition cascade theory, linking internal fertilization to sperm structural evolution.