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Updated: Sep 30, 2025

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Lysosomal Changes in Mitosis.

Jonathan Stahl-Meyer1, Lya Katrine Kauffeldt Holland1, Bin Liu1

  • 1Cell Death and Metabolism, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.

Cells
|March 10, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Lysosomes undergo significant changes during cell division, with altered protein and lipid content affecting their membrane integrity. These findings shed light on lysosomal function during mitosis and chromosome segregation.

Keywords:
cell cyclelipidomelysosomal leakagelysosomemitosis

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Organelle Biology

Background:

  • Lysosomal membrane integrity is crucial for cellular function, yet its regulation during mitosis is poorly understood.
  • Recent findings suggest lysosomal cathepsin B leakage aids chromosome segregation, highlighting dynamic changes in lysosomes during cell division.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate structural and functional alterations of lysosomes during mitosis.
  • To compare lysosomal proteome, lipidome, size, and pH in mitotic versus interphase cells.

Main Methods:

  • Pharmacological synchronization and mitotic shake-off to enrich mitotic cells.
  • Isolation and analysis of lysosomes from human U2OS osteosarcoma cells.
  • Mass spectrometry-based shotgun lipidomics and proteomic analysis.

Main Results:

  • Mitotic lysosomes showed reduced levels of lysosomal-associated membrane protein (LAMP) 1 and active cathepsin B.
  • Increased size and pH of LAMP2-positive vesicles were observed in mitotic cells.
  • Elevated sphingolipids (sphingomyelin, hexocylceramide) and lysoglyserophospholipids were found in mitotic lysosomes.

Conclusions:

  • Lysosomes exhibit distinct proteomic and lipidomic profiles during mitosis compared to interphase.
  • Changes in lysosomal proteins (LAMPs, acid sphingomyelinase) and lipids may contribute to reduced membrane integrity during cell division.
  • These findings provide insights into the spatiotemporal regulation of lysosomal function during mitosis.