Atherosclerosis in HIV Patients: What Do We Know so Far?
Anastasia V Poznyak1, Evgeny E Bezsonov2,3,4, Evgeny E Borisov2
1Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, 121609 Moscow, Russia.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|March 10, 2022
Summary
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a global health challenge. This review summarizes atherosclerosis development in HIV carriers and discusses current therapeutic approaches for this serious condition.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Science
- Infectious Diseases
- Immunology
Background:
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection remains a significant global health issue.
- Antiretroviral therapy (ART) improves HIV patient quality of life and life expectancy, reducing transmission risk.
- Atherosclerosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, with no definitive treatment currently available.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current data on atherosclerosis in HIV carriers.
- To explore the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in the context of HIV infection.
- To examine existing therapeutic strategies for atherosclerosis in HIV-positive individuals.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of scientific articles and clinical studies.
- Synthesis of data on HIV and atherosclerosis.
- Analysis of immune response in atherosclerosis pathogenesis.
Main Results:
- HIV infection influences the development of atherosclerosis.
- Both innate and adaptive immune responses play roles in atherosclerosis.
- ART may impact atherosclerosis progression, but further research is needed.
Conclusions:
- Understanding atherosclerosis in HIV carriers is crucial for managing cardiovascular risk.
- Tailored therapeutic approaches may be necessary for HIV-positive individuals with atherosclerosis.
- Further research is warranted to elucidate the complex interplay between HIV, immunity, and cardiovascular disease.
More Related Videos
09:41Quantification of Monocyte Transmigration and Foam Cell Formation from Individuals with Chronic Inflammatory Conditions
Published on: October 17, 2017
13.5K
05:53Measuring Frailty in HIV-infected Individuals. Identification of Frail Patients is the First Step to Amelioration and Reversal of Frailty
Published on: July 24, 2013
16.7K
Related Concept Videos
01:30Atherosclerosis I: Introduction
142
Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder characterized by the buildup of plaques on the arterial inner wall, causing them to narrow and harden over time. These plaques comprise lipids, calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue. The process primarily affects the intima of large and medium-sized arteries, reducing blood flow in any artery.Etiology and risk factorsThe cause of atherosclerosis is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay among endothelial injury, lipid...
142
01:26Atherosclerosis III: Management
56
Management of atherosclerosis involves an integrated strategy encompassing pharmacological treatment, surgical interventions, lifestyle changes, and nutrition therapy to address the multifactorial nature of the disease.Pharmacological TherapyA cornerstone of atherosclerosis management is the use of pharmacological agents. Statins, such as atorvastatin, are pivotal in inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes an initial step in cholesterol synthesis in the liver. This reduction in...
56
01:23Atherosclerosis IV: Nursing Management
90
Nursing management for a patient with arteriosclerosis involves a comprehensive approach focusing on lifestyle modification, disease monitoring, education, and symptomatic care. Here is an overview of effective nursing strategies:Assessment and Monitoring: Initial and ongoing assessments are crucial. Nurses must document the patient's medical history, including any hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and other cardiovascular diseases. Assessments also cover family history and lifestyle...
90
01:27Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests
59
Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder that leads to the thickening and narrowing of arterial walls due to plaque buildup. This condition can cause various symptoms depending on the arteries affected:Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): This condition affects the coronary arteries and may lead to chest pain (angina), shortness of breath (dyspnea), heart attacks, and other heart disease symptoms.Cerebrovascular Disease: This affects blood flow to the brain, causing transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)...
59
01:26Sexually Transmitted Infections
440
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
440
01:30Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction
58
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs, particularly the arteries supplying the thighs and calves. In rare cases, it may involve other arteries, including those in the arms.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty...
58