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An Acute Retinal Model for Evaluating Blood Retinal Barrier Breach and Potential Drugs for Treatment

An Acute Retinal Model for Evaluating Blood Retinal Barrier Breach and Potential Drugs for Treatment

Published on: September 13, 2016

Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs) in Retinal Disorders.

Binapani Mahaling¹, Shermaine W Y Low¹, Molly Beck¹

¹Ocular Immunology and Angiogenesis Lab, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Froedtert and MCW Eye Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

|March 10, 2022

Summary

Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) signal tissue damage in the eye, contributing to sterile inflammation and various retinal diseases. This review explores DAMPs

Keywords:

DAMPs age-related macular degeneration diabetic retinopathy endophthalmitis glaucoma inherited retinal disorders ischemic retinopathies ocular cancer proliferative vitreoretinopathy uveitis

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Area of Science:

Ophthalmology and Immunology
Molecular and Cellular Biology

Background:

Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are endogenous molecules released from damaged cells.
DAMPs are implicated in sterile inflammation associated with aging, ocular pressure, high glucose, oxidative stress, ischemia, trauma, and environmental factors in retinal diseases.
While DAMPs can activate the innate immune system, they may also promote pathological inflammation and angiogenesis in chronic retinal injury.

Purpose of the Study:

To extensively review the role of DAMPs in a wide range of retinal disorders.
To discuss DAMPs as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for retinal diseases.

Main Methods:

Comprehensive literature review of studies investigating DAMPs in retinal disorders.
Analysis of DAMPs' involvement in conditions including endophthalmitis, uveitis, glaucoma, ocular cancer, ischemic retinopathies, diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, retinal detachment, proliferative vitreoretinopathy, and inherited retinal disorders.

Main Results:

DAMPs are recognized by innate immune receptors like RAGE, TLRs, NLRs, and P2X7.
Evidence suggests DAMPs play a significant role in the pathogenesis of numerous retinal diseases.
The review consolidates current knowledge on DAMPs' multifaceted roles in retinal pathology.

Conclusions:

DAMPs are critical mediators in various retinal disorders, acting through specific immune receptors.
DAMPs hold promise as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for managing retinal diseases.
Further research into DAMPs could lead to novel therapeutic strategies for ocular conditions.