Oral Function and Eating Habit Problems in People with Down Syndrome

Area of Science:

• Genetics and Human Development
• Clinical Nutrition
• Oral Health

Background:

• Down syndrome (DS) is associated with a higher incidence of health issues, including maxillomandibular and orofacial alterations.
• Individuals with DS face challenges with chewing, swallowing, and maintaining optimal nutritional status due to altered dietary habits.
• These comorbidities necessitate regular medical and therapeutic attention throughout life.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze the frequency of comorbidities in individuals with Down syndrome (DS) as they age.
• To assess the impact of aging on orofacial structures, chewing, swallowing, and eating habits in the DS population.
• To identify age-related patterns in the development of health problems and nutritional challenges in DS.

Main Methods:

• A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed with 18 participants diagnosed with Down syndrome (DS).
• Participants' ages ranged from 30 to 45 years.
• Assessment included orofacial structure evaluation, chewing and swallowing function tests, and analysis of oral and eating habits.

Main Results:

• A high prevalence of digestive problems was observed in the study cohort.
• Difficulties were noted in introducing new tastes and food consistencies.
• 100% of participants exhibited unilateral chewing, severe mandibular/maxillary anatomical dysfunction, and significant tongue hypotonicity.

Conclusions:

• Harmful eating and chewing habits develop in childhood and persist throughout life for individuals with Down syndrome (DS).
• Targeted intervention protocols are essential for educating younger generations with DS and their support systems.
• Early and consistent interventions can mitigate the long-term impact of these challenges on health and nutrition.