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A Hybrid Bipolar Active Charge Balancing Technique with Adaptive Electrode Tissue Interface (ETI) Impedance
Ganesh Lakshmana Kumar Moganti1,2, V N Siva Praneeth2, Siva Rama Krishna Vanjari1
1Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Hyderabad, Kandi 502285, India.
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 10, 2022
Summary
This study introduces a novel reconfigurable calibration circuit for functional electrical stimulation (FES) implants. The circuit effectively manages electrode-tissue interface variations and charge balance issues, significantly reducing power consumption.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Neuroscience
- Implantable Devices
Background:
- Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is a key therapy for neurological disorders.
- Charge balancing in implantable FES systems faces challenges from electrode-tissue interface (ETI) impedance variations.
- Current active charge balancing methods consume excess power and can cause adverse neurological effects.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop a reconfigurable calibration circuit for implantable FES systems.
- To address challenges in ETI variations and charge balancing.
- To reduce power consumption and improve FES system safety and efficacy.
Main Methods:
- A novel reconfigurable calibration circuit with two operating modes was designed.
- Impedance Measurement Mode (IMM) to predict stimulation currents by measuring ETI.
- Hybrid Charge Balancing Mode (HCBM) combining electrode shorting, offset regulation, and pulse modulation.
Main Results:
- The proposed circuit effectively manages ETI variations and charge balance issues.
- Optimal power consumption was achieved, less than 44 μW.
- Power ratio was significantly reduced, ranging from 1.74% to 5.5% compared to conventional methods.
Conclusions:
- The reconfigurable calibration circuit offers an efficient solution for implantable FES systems.
- The IMM and HCBM effectively address ETI variations and charge balance challenges.
- The developed circuit demonstrates superior power efficiency and potential for improved FES therapy.
