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Most pressure gauges, like those on scuba tanks, are calibrated to read zero at atmospheric pressure. Readings from such gauges are called the gauge pressure, which is the pressure relative to atmospheric pressure. When the pressure inside the tank exceeds atmospheric pressure, the gauge reports a positive value. Some gauges are designed to measure negative pressure. For example, many physics experiments must take place in a vacuum chamber, a rigid chamber from which some of the air is pumped...
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Fluid pressure is commonly measured using devices called manometers, which rely on liquid columns to indicate pressure differences. The height of a liquid column in a manometer reflects the pressure exerted by the fluid, providing a simple yet effective means of measurement. Different types of manometers serve specific purposes based on their configurations and the type of fluids involved.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 30, 2025

Fabrication of Compressed Hosiery and Measurement of its Pressure Characteristic Exerted on the Lower Limbs
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Fibre Bragg Grating Based Interface Pressure Sensor for Compression Therapy.

James A Bradbury1, Qimei Zhang2, Francisco U Hernandez Ledezma3

  • 1Optics and Photonics Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 10, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new fiber optic pressure sensor accurately measures compression therapy pressure, crucial for healing venous leg ulcers. This device offers potential for training nurses and continuous monitoring during treatment.

Keywords:
Fibre Bragg Gratingcompression therapyoptical fibre sensorsub-bandage pressure sensorvenous leg ulcer

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Medical Devices

Background:

  • Compression therapy is the standard for chronic venous insufficiency and leg ulcers.
  • Accurate sub-bandage pressure is vital for effective healing.
  • Existing methods for pressure measurement can be limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel fiber optic pressure sensor for sub-bandage pressure measurement.
  • To assess the sensor's accuracy, repeatability, and performance in static and dynamic conditions.
  • To evaluate the sensor's potential clinical applications in compression therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of fiber optic sensors using Fibre Bragg Gratings (FBGs) encapsulated in polymer and textile.
  • Calibration using a custom setup with a translation stage and weighing scale, and an alternative method with a cylinder and blood pressure cuff.
  • Testing on a phantom leg and a human subject during motion, with comparison to a gold standard medical sensor using Bland-Altman analysis.

Main Results:

  • Sensors demonstrated repeatable fabrication with sensitivities between 0.4-1.5 pm/mmHg.
  • Static and dynamic pressure measurements were successfully obtained on phantom and human subjects.
  • Bland-Altman analysis showed median bias ranging from -4.6 to -20.4 mmHg compared to the gold standard.

Conclusions:

  • The developed fiber optic sensor accurately measures sub-bandage pressure, compensating for strain and temperature.
  • The sensor shows potential as a training tool for nurses and for in-situ monitoring during compression therapy.
  • This technology can improve the efficacy and application of compression therapy for venous leg conditions.