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Self-Reports in the Field Using Smartwatches: An Open-Source Firmware Solution.

Selina Volsa¹, Bernad Batinic², Stefan Stieger¹

¹Department of Psychology and Psychodynamics, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, 3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|March 10, 2022

Summary

Researchers developed free, open-source smartwatch firmware for in situ self-reports, enhancing compliance in social science research. This technology offers a user-friendly alternative to smartphone-based data collection.

Keywords:

ecological momentary assessment experience sampling smartwatch wearable

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Area of Science:

Social Sciences
Human-Computer Interaction
Wearable Technology

Background:

In situ self-reports are valuable for social science research, complementing lab studies.
Smartwatches offer potential for real-time data collection but lack user-friendly, general-purpose solutions.
Existing methods often rely on smartphones, which may not be ideal for all study designs.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce a novel, free, and open-source firmware for self-report methods on programmable smartwatches.
To enable the Experience Sampling Method (ESM) and similar data collection techniques using accessible hardware.
To provide a viable alternative to smartphone-based self-report systems.

Main Methods:

Development of custom firmware for ESP32-based smartwatches.
Implementation of the Experience Sampling Method (ESM) on the smartwatch platform.
A pilot study comparing smartwatch-based ESM with smartphone-based ESM.

Main Results:

The developed firmware successfully facilitates in situ self-report methods on smartwatches.
Participants using the smartwatch demonstrated higher compliance rates compared to those using smartphones in a pilot study.
The smartwatch solution proved to be a user-friendly and effective tool for data collection.

Conclusions:

The newly developed open-source firmware provides a practical and effective solution for in situ self-reports using smartwatches.
This approach enhances participant compliance and offers a valuable complementary tool to smartphones in social science research.
The project highlights the potential of programmable smartwatches for advancing mobile data collection methods.