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Measurement of Optical Rubidium Clock Frequency Spanning 65 Days.

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This study demonstrates a stable optical clock using rubidium atoms in a vapor cell, showing minimal drift for potential use in navigation and communication systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Atomic physics
  • Metrology
  • Quantum optics

Background:

  • Optical clocks are advanced timekeeping devices with significant scientific and technological applications.
  • Vapor cell atomic clocks offer a simplified approach for field deployment but face challenges with frequency drift and environmental sensitivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the long-term stability and performance of a laboratory optical clock utilizing warm rubidium atoms within a vapor cell.
  • To identify and quantify the impact of helium contamination on the clock's frequency stability.

Main Methods:

  • A laboratory-based optical clock was constructed using warm rubidium atoms.
  • Helium contamination within the glass vapor cell was systematically removed using a vacuum apparatus to assess its effect.
  • Clock performance metrics, including drift rate and Allan deviation, were measured over a month-long period.

Main Results:

  • The optical clock exhibited low frequency drift, measured at 4×10^-15 per day.
  • A 10-day Allan deviation of less than 5×10^-15 was achieved, indicating high stability.
  • The absolute frequency of the Rb-87 two-photon clock transition was determined to be 385,284,566,371,190(1970) Hz.

Conclusions:

  • The study confirms that optical vapor cell clocks, even with warm atoms, can achieve high stability and low drift.
  • Results support the feasibility of using these clocks for future technological needs in navigation and communication.
  • Addressing environmental factors like helium contamination is crucial for optimizing vapor cell optical clock performance.