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Related Concept Videos

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle02:37

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

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In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
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Inhibition of Cdk Activity02:34

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The orderly progression of the cell cycle depends on the activation of Cdk protein by binding to its cyclin partner. However, the cell cycle must be restricted when undergoing abnormal changes. Most cancers correlate to the deregulated cell cycle, and since Cdks are a central component of the cell cycle, Cdk inhibitors are extensively studied to develop anticancer agents. For instance, cyclin D associates with several Cdks, such as Cdk 4/6, to form an active complex. The cyclin D-Cdk4/6 complex...
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The cell cycle is a series of events leading to DNA duplication followed by the division of cell content to form two daughter cells. The cell cycle progresses in four stages—the cell increases in size (gap 1 or G1-phase), duplicates its DNA (synthesis or S-phase), prepares to divide (gap 2 or G2-phase), and divides (mitosis or M-phase).
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Mitotic cell division results in daughter cells that exactly resemble the parent cell. However, errors in the DNA replication or distribution of genetic material may lead to genetic mutations that may be passed down to every new cell formed from the resulting abnormal cell. Propagation of such mutant cells is restricted through checkpoint mechanisms present at different stages of the cell cycle. These checkpoints involve regulator molecules that either promote or demote cell cycle events.
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Checkpoints throughout the cell cycle serve as safeguards and gatekeepers, allowing the cell cycle to progress in favorable conditions and slow or halt it in problematic ones. This regulation is known as the cell cycle control system.
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Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage
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Cyclin-dependent kinases in DNA damage response.

Mateusz Kciuk1, Adrianna Gielecińska2, Somdutt Mujwar3

  • 1Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, Laboratory of Cytogenetics, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland; University of Lodz, Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Banacha Street 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland.

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta. Reviews on Cancer
|March 10, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are crucial for DNA damage response and repair. This review explores how CDKs modulate key repair pathways, ensuring genomic integrity after DNA damage.

Keywords:
Cell-cycle checkpointCyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)DNA damage response (DDR)DNA repair

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) regulate fundamental cellular processes including transcription and cell-cycle progression.
  • Emerging research highlights the significant role of CDKs in the DNA damage response (DDR).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of CDK family members on DNA damage response (DDR) pathways.
  • To discuss the modulatory role of CDKs in DNA repair mechanisms, specifically double-strand break repair (DSBR).

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating CDK involvement in DDR.
  • Analysis of CDK influence on DNA repair enzymes and pathways, including homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ).

Main Results:

  • CDKs significantly affect both the signaling and repair phases of the DDR.
  • CDKs modulate key enzymes involved in homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) for double-strand break repair (DSBR).

Conclusions:

  • CDKs are integral to maintaining genomic integrity following DNA damage.
  • Understanding CDK functions in DDR is crucial for comprehending cell division fidelity and genome stability.